This paper reviews game-theoretic models that have been developed to explain road user behaviour in situations where road users interact with each other. The paper includes the following game-theoretic models: 1.A general model of the interaction between road users and their possible reaction to measures improving safety (behavioural adaptation).2.Choice of vehicle size as a Prisoners’ dilemma ...

The belief-based approach for repeated games with private monitoring studies an important class of strategies where at each point of the game, each player’s optimal continuation strategy is determined by the player’s beliefs of the private state of the opponents. This paper extends the belief-based approach to the repeated prisoners’dilemma with asymmetric private monitoring. We …rst …nd that t...

We demonstrate the surprising effect of two simple variations on the usual finitely repeated game model. In particular, we add a small cost of changing actions and consider the effect of increasing the frequency of repetitions within a fixed period of time. We illustrate the wide range of commitments this can make credible and the effects these have. Not surprisingly, switching costs can make i...

We consider a population of agents that are heterogeneous with respect to (i) their strategy when interacting ng times with other agents in an iterated prisoners dilemma game, (ii) their spatial location on K different islands. After each generation, agents adopt strategies proportional to their average payoff received. Assuming a mix of two cooperating and two defecting strategies, we first in...

We show that for any discount factor, there is a natural number M such that all subgame perfect outcomes of the discounted repeated prisoners’ dilemma (pure strategies) can be obtained by subgame perfect strategies with the following property: current play depends only on the number of the time-index and on the history of the last M periods. This strong result, however, does not suffice to esta...

Explaining cooperation between non-relatives is a puzzle for both evolutionary biology and the social sciences. In humans, cooperation is often studied in a laboratory setting using economic games such as the prisoners' dilemma. However, such experiments are sometimes criticized for being played for low stakes and by misrepresentative student samples. Golden balls is a televised game show that ...

We use replicator dynamics to study an iterated prisoners’ dilemma game with memory. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of all 32 possible strategies with a single-step memory by observing the results when each strategy encounters another one. Based on these results, we define similarity measures between the 32 strategies and perform a network analysis of the relationship between...

For humans, lying is a complex thing to detect, both when lying and when being lied to. While telling a stone cold lie might be difficult for humans, it is relatively easy for a computer to do so. People pick up on lying peers by some involuntary telltale signs and emotions that are easy to mask on a computer image as it does not suffer from such human traits. Thus when playing a game, actions ...

Recent research has analyzed how individual characteristics, like the exposure to different hormones and symmetry, affect decision-making and strategic behaviour. The present article investigates the effect of symmetry, of exposure to testosterone (T) in utero and during puberty and of current T on cooperation in a Prisoners' Dilemma Game (PDG). T is a hormone with well known effect on males' b...

We have developed a new agent-based simulation tool to model social dilemmas for the case of a large number of not necessarily rational decision-makers (Szilagyi and Szilagyi, 2000). The combination of various personalities with stochastic learning makes it possible to simulate the multi-person Prisoners’ Dilemma game for realistic situations. A variety of personality profiles and their arbitra...