the principle of formality –free protection is an international principle in the copyright and it was stabilized in the berne convention. but this principle has not been studied in iran and evaluation of the principle is very vital because easier access to the works and fair trial. recent paper has attempted to study this principle in light of the berne convention and analyzes and interprets th...

Ray Casting is a direct volume rendering technique for visualizing 3D arrays of sampled data. It has vital applications in medical and biological imaging. Nevertheless, it is inherently open to cluttered classification results. It suffers from overlapping transfer function values and lacks a sufficiently powerful voxel parsing mechanism for object distinction. In this work, we are proposing an ...

Licensed human vaccines can induce various adverse events in vaccinated patients. Many known vaccine adverse events (VAEs) have been recorded in the package inserts of commercial vaccine products. To better represent and analyse VAEs, we developed the Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE) as an extension of the Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE) and the Vaccine Ontology (VO). OVAE has been us...

How is the outcome of the categorization process represented? This question has gone virtually unaddressed. A notable exception is Barsalou (2012) which proposes that categorization results in a type–token predication, whereby the type representation (e.g. DOG) is predicated of the token representation of the categorized individual (e.g. Fido). Another is Jackendoff (1983) which proposes that c...

We introduce Polarized Intuitionistic Logic, which allows intuitionistic and classical logic to mix. The logic is based on a new analysis of the intuitionistic distinction between “left” and “right” as a form of polarity information. In contrast to double-negation translations, classical logic is transparently captured. The logic is given a Kripke-style semantics and is presented as a sequent c...

Analog representations come in different types. One distinction is between those that have parts are themselves and do not (i.e., for which the Parts Principle true it not). I offer a unified account of analog representation, showing what all types common. This clarifies when applies does not, thereby illuminating why less interesting than one might thought. Understanding representation instead...

There has come to be a consensus that the “procedural vs. declarative” distinction is useful, if only as a rough guide, in the design of markup languages. To understand how and why this is the case, we need to ask questions that are usually left unasked when this principle is proposed, such as “is it the model (the schema) that we consider to be descriptive, or the tagged document?” or, more de...

We consider the construction of part-of-speech taggers for resource-poor languages. Recently, manually constructed tag dictionaries from Wiktionary and dictionaries projected via bitext have been used as type constraints to overcome the scarcity of annotated data in this setting. In this paper, we show that additional token constraints can be projected from a resourcerich source language to a r...