Probabilistic forecasts of wind speed are becoming critical as interest grows in wind as a clean and renewable source of energy, in addition to a wide range of other uses, from aviation to recreational boating. Statistical approaches to wind forecasting offer two particular challenges: the distribution of wind speeds is highly skewed, and wind observations are reported to the nearest whole knot...

The thermally driven wind over mountainous terrains challenges the estimation of CO2 exchange between forests and the atmosphere when using the eddy covariance technique. In this study, the wind regimes were investigated in a temperate deciduous forested valley at the Maoershan site, Northeast China. The wind direction above the canopy was preferentially up-valley in the daytime and down-valley...

An hourly energy balance analysis is presented of the Australian National Electricity Market in a 100% renewable energy scenario, in which wind and photovoltaics (PV) provides about 90% of the annual electricity demand and existing hydroelectricity and biomass provides the balance. Heroic assumptions about future technology development are avoided by only including technology that is being depl...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the hydrologic budget because it expresses the exchange of mass and energy between the soil-water-vegetation system and the atmosphere. Prevailing weather conditions influence potential or reference ET through variables such as radiation, temperature, wind, and relativity humidity. In addition to these weather variables, actual ET (ETa) is al...

Sapping caused by prevailing wind erosion is one of the most significant factors in deterioration earthen sites located Datong County, Qinghai Province, China. Long-term effects may cause surface erosion, or even serious damage to Great Wall Ming Dynasty. Difference sapping quantity should be attributed variability directions. To better understand direction on meteorological data study area for...

Ice Sheet backscatter around South Pole Station was measured from several different azimuthal angles using RADARSAT-1 S A R data. We observed strong azimuthal anisotropy (3-4 dB) between radar look directions across and along the prevailing wind direction. We speculate that the azimuthal variation of backscatter around the South Pole area may be largely attributed to systematically oriented sas...

It is well known that the strongest and most frequent bora over the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea is found in the region of Senj (Figure 1) (e.g., Yoshino, 1976; Makjani}, 1978; Vu~eti}, 1991; Orli} et al., 1994; Penzar et al., 2001; Grubi{i}, 2004:, Dorman et al., 2006). According to field measurements (Yoshino, 1976), the strongest winds appear in the mountainous areas northeast of Senj,...