abstract: background: breast carcinoma is the first malignancy among iranian ladies and the second cause of death due to cancers after gastric carcinoma. according to the world health organization the annual incidence rate of breast cancer will rise 1.8 to 2 percent. it is one of the most important health problems. five year survival is one of the indicators used for evaluation of the quality o...

Let $A$ be a unital $C^{*}$-algebra which has a faithful state. If $varphi:Arightarrow A$ is a unital linear map which is bijective and invertibility preserving or surjective and spectral radius preserving, then $varphi$ is a Jordan isomorphism. Also, we discuss other types of linear preserver maps on $A$.

due to the rapid growth of data mining technology, obtaining private data on users through this technology becomes easier. association rules mining is one of the data mining techniques to extract useful patterns in the form of association rules. one of the main problems in applying this technique on databases is the disclosure of sensitive data by endangering security and privacy. hiding the as...

This discussion outlines some of the issues that must be considered before digital imaging of paper-based research material should be adopted as a preservation method. In addition, the quality of the digital image in terms of resolution and pixel depth, as well as issues of authenticity, verification, and bibliographic integrity will be discussed. In this context, issues associated with preserv...

We present an improved reflection model optimized for global illumination. The model produces visually plausible images, is symmetric and has improved energy preserving capabilities compared to previous approaches which satisfies these requirements. Having an efficient sampling routine, the model is ready to use in Monte Carlo rendering. Presented model is phenomenological, i.e. it has intuitiv...

Graphene is a remarkable material with the best surface to volume ratio as a result of its 2D nature, which implies that every atom can be considered as a surface one. These features make graphene attractive for use as a sensing material; however, the limiting factor is the chemical inertness of pristine graphene. Here we propose a method to create reactive centers by removal of fluorine atoms ...

To have all-year-round available feedstock, whole-crop maize is harvested premature, when it still contains enough moisture for the anaerobic ensiling process. Silage preparation is a well-known procedure for preserving plant material. At first, this method was applied to obtain high-quality animal feed. However, it was found that such ensiled crops are very suitable for bioenergy production. M...

We develop a class of Hamiltonian-preserving numerical schemes for high frequency elastic waves in heterogeneous media. The approach is based on the high frequency approximation governed by the Liouville equations with singular coefficients due to material interfaces. As previously done by Jin and Wen [10,12], we build into the numerical flux the wave scattering information at the interface, an...