Urban commercial quarters such as bazaars can be found all over the world, from Turkey toEgypt, from Tajikistan to Iran. In Iranian cities, bazaars have very specific and unique architectural features and theyhave played an important role as economic and social engines. In addition, bazaars are an integral part of the culturalgeography of Iran and have contributed to the definition of urban dev...

In spite of the technologies developed during the last decade, the level of food loss is still high and is reported in many countries. According to the United Nations, more than 30 per cent of the mortality rate world-wide is caused by alimentary diseases. The desire of most countries to make food safer for consumption requires better food preservation and production techniques. In this regard,...

Iran due to its unique condition in terms of tourist attraction and because of the specific location and a variety of natural resources and human Phenomena, that different regions of the country including Guilan province has a typical position in terms of tourism which attracts a lot of tourists. By itself, ecological, environmental, cultural, historical and religious attraction in the north, w...

The tension in land use between development and conservation is long established. Find an area worth preserving, and invariably a development idea is, if not in the parlor, on the doorstep. Conversely, discover a perfect development site, and critical values spring from underfoot. Those aspects of land and terrain valued by conservationists-coast, wetland, river, forest, dune-are also valued by...

Investigation of the social evolution process and its differences from the natural evolution requires methodological substantiation. This article proposes a methodological approach based on the Hegelian dialectics. We distinguish two types of development: development based on external premises and development based on own foundation (self-development). The dialectics of preservation and change ...