BACKGROUND Since pregnant women are severely underrepresented in clinical research, many take the position that the exclusion of pregnant women from research must be justified unless there are compelling "scientific reasons" for their exclusion. However, it is questionable whether this approach renders research with pregnant women fair. This paper analyzes and evaluates when research with pregn...

conclusions the current study revealed that pregnant females had significantly lower hgs compared with non-pregnant ones. high parity and gravidity and later stage of pregnancy led to significantly lower hgs. higher level of adiposity led to poorer performance of hgs in females. it is recommended to evaluate hgs in antenatal care, which may have diagnostic and prognostic benefits. background ha...

BACKGROUND Initial reports suggested that novel A(H1N1) influenza virus (2009 A[H1N1]v) infection was significantly more severe in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. In Spain, antiviral therapy was recommended for pregnant women from the beginning of the 2009 pandemic. METHODS The prospective cohort study included consecutive pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age with a proven...

BACKGROUND As circulating plasma ATP concentrations are increased in pre-eclampsia, we tested whether increased plasma ATP is able to induce albuminuria during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant (day 14) and non-pregnant rats were infused with ATP (3000 microg/kg bw) via a permanent jugular vein cannula. Albuminuria was determined, and blood samples were taken for leukocyte counts, plasma ATP and pl...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiologic entity not yet understood, that presents with transient neurologic symptoms and particular radiological findings. Few papers show the differences between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. We review the cases of 38 women diagnosed with PRES, in order to find significant differences between pregnant (18) and non-pregna...

This study investigates dietary behaviour and the perceived role of food for health of pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Data were collected between 15 January 2003 and 15 March 2003 in Belgium. One hundred and forty-eight pregnant and 130 non-pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years completed a self-administered questionnaire about their dietary behaviour and nutritional attitudes. Both s...

BACKGROUND The healthcare and socio-economic burden resulting from influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in Spain was considerable. Our aim was to estimate and compare the management (resource utilization) and economic healthcare impact in an at-risk group of unvaccinated pregnant women with an unvaccinated group of non-pregnant woman of childbearing age (15-44 yr old). METHODS We addressed this question ...

In late pregnancy, energy deficits in ewes can induce a metabolic imbalance, which often results in pregnancy toxaemia. This metabolic disorder is characterised by hypoglycaemia, hyperketonaemia, an increase in plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and by fatty infiltration in the liver. The purpose of the present study was to identify alterations in lipid and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ...

BACKGROUND Immunosuppression due to pregnancy may lead to higher susceptibility to infections and reactivation of latent infections, such as BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). There is lack of information about the prevalence of novel human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9), WU (WUPyV) and KI (KIPyV) during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To study whether pregnancy results in higher prevalence of HPyV9, WUPyV, KIPyV and th...