BACKGROUND Cesarean section (CS) rate has increased rapidly over the past two decades in China mainly driven by non-medical factors. This study was to compare recalled preferences for CS among first-time mothers in early and late pregnancy with actual delivery mode; to explore factors related to CS preference and CS performed without medical indications; and to consider the role of healthcare p...

Using a social exchange framework, we examined the relationship of work status (in)congruency with organization-specific and job-specific aspects of perceived employer commitment and with nurses’ commitment to their organization, to their job, and to their profession. The participants were 1,230 female nurses employed in community health agencies in Canada. Part-time nurses preferring full-time...

Abstract Surfactant‐free one‐step redox reactions between two types of metal cations enable the synthesis core‐shell nanoparticles without sophisticated control. The reduced noble form a solid core, and transition dissolved upon oxidation induce subsequent formation oxide shell. Various nanostructures are obtained from combination reduction‐preferring Au 3+ , Pd 2+ Pt Rh Ir cations, oxidation‐p...

This study was designed to determine whether inherent alcohol preference is associated with differential expression of central nicotinic receptors. [(3)H]Cytisine and [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding-site, ligands selective for alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes, respectively, were determined in various brain regions of alcohol-preferring (P) and non-preferring (NP) rats. Only...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3-month ethanol treatment on olfactory social memory test performance using two inter-exposure intervals [30 min: short-term recognition (STR); or 120 min: long-term recognition (LTR)] in adult rats with a disturbed circadian cycle (DCC). Ethanol treatment both in ethanol-preferring and -non-preferring groups improved the STR task compared to ...

The purpose of the present study was to search for common patterns and for differences in climbing strategies in a group of recreational climbers. Twelve participants were involved in the study. Each participant climbed a simple indoor route consisting of a 3m horizontal shift followed by a 3m ascent for five times. Climbers could choose their own style, their preferred speed and holds. Their m...

The effect of 5-week voluntary ethanol (EtOH) intake on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leptin levels was determined in adult male Warsaw high EtOH preferring (WHP) and low preferring (WLP) rats. EtOH treatment led to a decrease in leptin CSF concentration in WHP rats when compared to EtOH-naive WHP and control Wistar rats. On the contrary, in EtOH-treated WLP rats, both plasma and CSF lep...

The attitudes of groups of general practitioners in Belgium, the UK and the Netherlands to risk taking in medical decision making have been determined. The results indicate that many doctors seek to minimize the risks that they take when treating patients. Doctors in Belgium had the highest levels of 'no risk-taking' attitudes with 60% preferring not to take risks; Dutch doctors had the lowest ...