Power lines are cables that carry electrical power from a power plant to an electrical substation. They must be connected between the tower structures in such a way that ensures minimum tension and sufficient clearance from the ground. Power lines can stretch and sag with the changing weather, eventually exceeding the planned tolerances. The excessive sags can then cause serious accidents, whil...

thyristor-controlled series compensator (tcsc) is one of the electric power lines series compensators. tcsc increases transmission system capacity and improves system dynamic and voltage stability. several controllers have been proposed, but most of them generally improve one of tcsc capabilities. in this paper a tcsc robust controller is designed based on nonlinear quantitative feedback theory...

Reactive power dispatch for voltage profile modification has been of interest Abstract to powerr utilities. Usually local bus voltages can be altered by changing generator voltages, reactive shunts, ULTC transformers and SVCs. Determination of optimum values for control parameters, however, is not simple for modern power system networks. Heuristic and rather intelligent algorithms have to be so...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

. It is noted that at present, 10 and 35 kV overhead power transmission lines are being laid outside the settlements of Republic Belarus on reinforced concrete vibrated (10 kV) centrifuged (35 poles characterized by low reliability damaging environment (on account alienation land for poles, need to make a wide clearing laying in forest, obstructions wires operation agricultural machinery, dange...

-  Power system state estimation is a central component in energy management systems of power system. The goal of state estimation is to determine the system status and power flow of transmission lines. This paper presents an advanced state estimation algorithm based on weighted least square (WLS) criteria by introducing virtual meters. For each bus of network, except slack bus, a virtual meter...

The output resistance (hut) is one of the most important device parameters for analog applications. However, it has been difficult to model hut correctly. In this paper, we present a physical and accurate output resistance model that can be applied to both long-channel and submicrometer MOSFETs. Major short channel effects and hot-carrier effect, such as channel-length modulation (0 [l], drain-...