We show that Friedel charge oscillation near an interface opens a gap at the Fermi energy for electrons with wave vectors perpendicular to the interface. If the Friedel gaps on two sides of the interface are different, a nonequilibrium effect—shifting of these gaps under bias—leads to asymmetric transport upon reversing the bias polarity. The predicted transport asymmetry is revealed by scannin...

Abstract In general, concepts such as chemical equilibria and classical analytical chemistry, well instrumental methods potentiometry flow injection analysis (FIA), are taught separately in the curricula of chemistry-related degree programs. However, FIA provides an opportunity to connect all these important topics. This article shows how simple experiments can be used link fundamentals teach t...

in this work, all-solid-state potentiometric pvc membrane sensor was introduced for fast andsimple monitoring of mercury ions in waste water samples. the all solid sate electrode is made based on aconductive composite of graphite, reduced graphene oxide, epoxy resin on a copper wire. a thin layer pvcmembrane is then coated on the surface of the new conducting transducer. pvc membrane is compose...

in this work, the results concerning to the mean activity coefficient measurements for nacl in the (glycerol + water) system using the potentiometric method are reported. the potentiometric measurements were performed on the galvanic cells without liquid junction of the type: ag|agcl|nacl (m), glycerol (wt%), h2o (1 - wt)%|na-ise, in various mixed solvent systems containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ...

statement of problem: the effectiveness of fluoride dentifrices in reducing dental caries is well documented. however, not all fluoride dentifrices are equally effective purpose: the objective of this experimental study was to compare fluoride uptake from pooneh pediatric toothpaste and an ada-approved pediatric dentifrice, in sound enamel of primary teeth. materials and methods: in an in vitro...