Trait-based approaches provide a mechanistic framework to understand and predict the structure and functioning of microbial communities. Resource utilization traits and trade-offs are among key microbial traits that describe population dynamics and competition among microbes. Several important trade-offs have been identified for prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial taxa that define contrasting ...

This paper presents a critical analysis of health impact assessment (HIA) in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) in the context of institutional policy and practice. It begins with a brief background to the origins and aims of HIA. Core developments in health and environmental sectors pertaining to HIA in the ROI are then considered. A series of significant developments have taken place in these sect...

The electron-impact ionization cross section for hydrogen near threshold is calculated using both timedependent wave-packet and time-dependent Green’s-function methods. The time-dependent Green’s-function method also allows the calculation of the elastic cross section. The need for absorbing potentials was removed by allowing our fast waves to leave our two-dimensional grid. Two different model...

The potential impact of GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with two channel layers of GaN/InAlGaN is reported. Using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulations, we investigate the device performance focusing on the electrical potential, electron concentration, breakdown voltage and transconductance (gm). Also, the results have been compared with structure of AlGaN/GaN HE...

Process-induced strain dependence of impact ionization efficiency (IIE) in nMOSFETs with a tensile contact etch stop layer (CESL) is presented for the first time. From the universal relationship between the IIE and the electric field in the pinch-off region, a difference in the IIE of nMOSFETs between without and with the tensile CESL is found. This result can be mainly attributed to the narrow...

Generation of action potentials (APs) is a crucial step in neuronal information processing. Existing biophysical models for AP generation almost universally assume that individual voltage-gated sodium channels operate statistically independently, and their avalanche-like opening that underlies AP generation is coordinated only through the transmembrane potential. However, biological ion channel...

Soil application of biogas residues (BGRs) is important for closing nutrient cycles. This study examined the efficiency and impact on yields and yield formation of solid-liquid separated residues from biodegradable municipal and industrial wastes (bio-waste) in comparison to complete BGRs, nitrification inhibitor, agricultural BGRs, mineral fertilizer and unfertilized plots as control. The expe...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of prophylactic administration of intracameral cefuroxime on cataract surgery. SETTING Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study with before and after analysis. METHODS The evolution of the cumulative incidence of endophthalmitis before and after (October 2005) administration of intracamer...

Health impact assessment (HIA) has been advanced as a means of bringing potential health impacts to the attention of policy makers, particularly in sectors where health impacts may not otherwise be considered. This article examines lessons for HIA in the United States from the related and relatively well-developed field of environmental impact assessment (EIA). We reviewed the EIA literature an...

Health impact assessment (HIA) can ensure that health is a core element of sustainable urban planning. Based on the experience of the NSW HIA Project, we discuss the current strengths of HIA and challenges facing it as an urban sustainability tool across five areas: the use of evidence; integrating HIA with environmental impact assessments; including consideration of equity; recognising wider d...