When filling defects are found on CTA, they almost universally assumed to be emboli from a peripheral deep vein thrombosis. However, new studies have led the theory that localized inflammation, endothelial cell damage, and disruption of blood flow cause de novo formation clots within pulmonary artery or in situ Fungal origin embolism is rare. We report case 31-year-old man previously treated fo...

We report a case of aorto-bronchial ®stula 7 years after implantation of a self-expanding metal stent into the left main bronchus. The clinical presentation was characterised by left-sided chest pain, dyspnea and a single bout of haemoptysis. The ®stula was surgically managed by aortic resection and primary repair of the aorta, and patch repair of the left main bronchus over a Poly ̄ex covered b...

Eleven cases of pulmonary aspergilloma complicating active cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis are reviewed. Nine of the 10 patients who had combined medical (antituberculosis drugs) and surgical treatment were cured of their disease; one patient, who had bilateral multiple aspergillomas, died from massive haemoptysis after resection of one of the affected lobes. The only medically treated patien...

The unpredictable and potentially lethal course of massive haemoptysis requires prompt resuscitation, airway protection, and correction of coagulopathy. Early investigation with bronchoscopy is recommended for localisation and control of bleeding by the application of topical adrenaline, balloon tamponade, or selective lung intubation. There is increasing acceptance of bronchial artery embolisa...

Awareness of the likelihood of cancer associated with haemoptysis is of course central. However, our study also provided important information regarding the epidemiology of less frequent aetiologies of haemoptysis. For example, among them, we demonstrated that the prevalence of tuberculosis associated with this symptom was around 3%, but seems to have decreased steadily between 2008 and 2012 (f...

A review of bronchoscopic records over a 5 year period identified 41 patients who had undergone fibreoptic bronchoscopy after presenting with haemoptysis and a normal chest X-ray. Carcinoma of the bronchus was found in 4 patients (9.7%) and the procedure yielded a diagnosis in 8 of the 20 patients in whom a specific cause of their bleeding could be identified. The diagnostic yield is sufficient...

The case is described of a 31 year old woman who presented with complaints of recurrent haemoptysis coinciding with menstruation. Bronchoscopic examination revealed multiple purplish-red submucosal lesions on the right side of the trachea and bilateral bronchial trees which appeared during her menses and regressed in the intermenstrual periods. Brush cytology revealed cell clusters consistent w...

A 34 year old women was admitted to the hospital with a 9 year history of intermittent haemoptysis associated with increasing breathlessness. A working diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis was made, based on clinical, radiological and histological findings. Three years later, the patient was admitted to hospital with worsening haemoptysis, which rapidly progressed and resulted in death from ma...