Fingolimod (FTY) is the first oral medication approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Its effectiveness and safety were confirmed in several phase III clinical trials, but proper evaluation of safety in the real patient population requires long-term post-marketing monitoring. Since the approval of FTY for RRMS in Japan in 2011, it has been administered to approx...

This paper introduces the concept of a ‘harm chain’ as a mechanism to further broaden the way in which firms and public policy makers consider potential negative outcomes from marketing activities. The purpose of conceptualizing a ‘harm chain’ is to examine specifically the creation of harm within networks of marketing exchanges that might occur throughout preproduction, production, consumption...

Market segmentation is a widely applied concept in destination management. Although the general trend in tourism marketing research has constantly been developing toward data-driven (a posteriori, post-hoc) approaches, national tourism organisations (NTOs) still mostly use the commonsense (a priori) approach of geographical segmentation. This paper compares the advantages and drawbacks of both ...

Recently, several drugs for non-cardiovascular diseases have ceased marketing because of cardiovascular risk, highlighting the importance of evaluating the cardiovascular safety of new drugs even if not intended for cardiovascular diseases. Assessing and ensuring acceptable cardiovascular safety of non-cardiovascular drugs is difficult; nonetheless, governmental regulatory agencies are likely t...

This paper constructs a four factors theoretical model of Chinese small and medium enterprises based on the “cartoon characters’ reputation enterprise marketing and management capabilities – protection of the cartoon image institutional environment” by literature research, case studies and investigation. The empirical study show that the greatest impact on current merchandising rights income is...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Channel governance structure Marketing strategy Business to business marketing This study tries to find an answer to the question: Are different marketing channel governance structural dimensions equally conducive for different marketing strategies? The results from an empirical study suggest that different dimensions of channel governance structure may not be eq...