BACKGROUND HELLP syndrome (a combination of hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) is a severe variant of preeclampsia that generally occurs before delivery but can occur post partum. This syndrome is more common than eclampsia and frequently leads to devastating neurological consequences such as intracerebral hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE Although mentioned in the obstetric...

Atrophy of the muscles of mastication is a well known indirect sign of damage to the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). Because V3 motor palsy is difficult to diagnose clinically, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head and neck often provide the only evidence of masticator space muscle atrophy (1). This finding, in turn, should alert the physician...

Craniospinal hypotension is the syndrome of orthostatic headache associated with low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Imaging findings are usually explained by Monro-Kellie hypothesis stating that the craniospinal compartment is incompressible and any increase in volume of one of the craniospinal constituents (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and parenchyma) must be compensated by a decrease in volume ...

Dear editor, A 53-year-old male underwent conservative treatment for the management of spontaneous hemorrhage in the bilateral pontine tegmentum. Two weeks after onset, when he started rehabilitation, he showed mild quadriparesis with more severe proximal weakness and was not able to stand or walk independently. After four week’s rehabilitation, he had regained his ability to walk independently...

Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 1,600 head trauma patients, 67 of which demonstrated evidence of brainstem injury, were reviewed. CT diagnosis of brainstem injury was based on direct and indirect evidence. Direct signs, which include focal hemorrhage, significant intraparenchymal contrast enhancement, hemorrhagic contusion, and edema of the brainstem, appear as areas of high density, ...

permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Most brainstem hemorrhages occurring in the pons and mid-brain, and hemorrhages restricted to the medulla oblongata have received little attention to date. Herein, we describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 11 patients (four men, age range of 11 pat...

We report the case of a 36 year-old woman who presented occlusion of a basilar artery fusiform aneurysm (FA) associated with pontine infarction, and two episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage possibly due to arterial dissection. She also had asymptomatic FAs in the right middle cerebral and left internal carotid arteries. Over 5 years, lesions suggestive of fibromuscular dysplasia in the right ver...