This study evaluates the performance of four 2.3 m deep pilot-scale, independently loaded, primary facultative ponds treating predominantly domestic sewage in northeast Brazil. The ponds contained longitudinal baffles giving different length to width ratios from 3.55 to 32.4. The ponds had mean hydraulic retention times of ~15 days, and mean surface organic loadings of 330 kg BOD(5).ha.d(-1) du...

We studied the emigration of juvenile age-class individuals of four species of pondbreeding amphibians at 14 seasonal ponds over four consecutive years in western Massachusetts. Emigration orientation of each species was non-uniform for the majority of pond-years examined. While orientation was decidedly non-uniform in most individual pond-years, combining data from successive years led to a mo...

After an estimated five million years of independent evolution, the barred tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium) was introduced by bait dealers into the native range of the California tiger salamander (A. californiense). Hybridization and backcrossing have been occurring in central California for 50-60 years, or an estimated 15-30 generations. We studied genetic and ecological factors...

today, many companies have multiple channels, such as sales force, direct mail / catalog, internet and broadcast channels, telephone, etc. for providing goods and services to its customers. multiple distribution channels, despite having benefits, several challenges such as the incidence of conflict, allocation of product, free ride some members have being emerged. the aim of this study was to i...

The numerous perennial meltwater ponds distributed throughout Antarctica represent diverse and productive ecosystems central to the ecological functioning of the surrounding ultra oligotrophic environment. The dominant taxa in the pond benthic communities have been well described however, little is known regarding their regional dispersal and local drivers to community structure. The benthic mi...

Ž . Ž . Inputs of either napier grass NG or diammonium phosphate plus urea NP containing similar Ž y1 y1. Ž y1 y1. amounts of nitrogen 17 kg N ha week and phosphorus 1.2 kg P ha week were made to Tilapia rendalli ponds from which offspring were either partially removed or left to grow. After Ž . 364 days, average weight of stocked fish in NG ponds 74.3 g was significantly higher Ž . Ž . P-0.05 ...

[1] Over the past 50 years, Alaska has experienced a warming climate with longer growing seasons, increased potential evapotranspiration, and permafrost warming. Research from the Seward Peninsula and Kenai Peninsula has demonstrated a substantial landscape-level trend in the reduction of surface water and number of closed-basin ponds. We investigated whether this drying trend occurred at nine ...

Lakes and ponds play a key role in the carbon cycle of permafrost ecosystems, where they are considered to be hotspots of carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 emission. The strength of these emissions is, however, controlled by a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes whose responses to a warming climate are complex and only poorly understood. Small waterbodies have been attracting an i...

sewage stabilization pond is recommended as one of the economical methods for sewage treatment particularly in dry areas of the world and those places which are in shortage of water and income deficit, this method can be used for treatment of sewage in rural areas, small towns and even large cities. sewage stabilization pond system does not require technical equipment and specialists, and efflu...

Mediterranean temporary ponds (MTPs) comprise an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be found in many countries, mainly in the Mediterranean region but are disappearing at a high rate. For designing optimal conservation and management strategies for the particular ecosystems, appropriate characterization and classification of these ponds is necessary based on the different ...