Background: The existence of moral challenges resulting from political, social and economic crises is an inevitable issue of any society and government. Challenges are not urgent, they gradually turn into crises, and can ultimately pose a serious threat to the sovereignty. The Qajar government was in such a situation, especially after the Constitutional Revolution. Political crises and its inte...

Difference and diversity are phenomena existing from the very first days human communities have been formed. Under such condition, what provides for necessity of coexistence between different individuals and groups to become possible is tolerance. On the other hand, wide range development in terms of communication and providing information are going on in today’s world. This evolution called by...

student organizations are active at social, political, cultural and welfare areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in those areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in that area too. their presence in university is necessary. this article describes their important functions. student organizations are active at social, political, cultural...

The advent of modernity in Iran weakened many structures and practices, including social hangouts in cities; therefore, the public was cynical about this space. While hangouts, as a third-place and public space in a city, promote social capital, vibrant centers, and citizenship education, Tehran Daneshjoo Park, as a public space with an urban scale and physical and social features, can also be ...

Today, mobile and its effective presence in all aspects of human life has become undeniable. The presence compared to the internet and its effect is broader and more progressive. The mobile phones and especially applications such as the SMS services are no longer a technical tool but it has a various media function, cultural, social, economic, political and shaping its own culture. This paper a...