Leaders play crucial roles in their enterprises. Most modern organizations today, such as corporations and government departments, have no leaders. About 80% of all top structures, are run by inertia leaderless organizations. These pretense-pseudo structures filled roles, CEO, Department Head/Secretary, EVP, VP, others, but this non-accountable system mostly harms than benefits the organization...

The Federal Reserve system (the Fed) is the United States monetary policy authority and is mandated by Congress to pursue two goals: 1) maximum sustainable output and employment and 2) stable prices. Among the actions the Fed can take to achieve these goals is the ability to set the target federal funds rate. Simple policy rules that set the level of funds rate in response to changes in economi...

This paper investigates how hospital affiliation in a multi-hospital system (contract managed, owned, sponsored), the number of system hospitals, HMO and PPO contracts, and other factors, impacts hospital cost efficiency. Using a 1996-1999 panel of 248 hospitals, results show that for urban hospitals, increasing the number of hospitals in the system, system ownership and contract management/spo...

This position paper narrates how the author's based on hot issue of nurturing COVID-19 pandemic. The pros and cons "New Normal" concept [kenormalan baru] are argumentatively illustrated through a literature search. primer information from WHO, policymaker, researchers contributed to discussion. Health protocols become rules mentioned in implementing new normal, namely by reducing physical conta...

A search theoretic model of repurchase agreements is constructed wherein the sellers' incentives to fail deliver securities are explicitly incorporated. In equilibrium, too many sellers choose relative social optimum. Two types interventions studied: a fails charge and an interest reset. These improve efficiency by lowering fraction who making it easier for buyers find their counterparties. ext...

Accountable care organizations (ACOs) and hospitals are investing in improving "population health," by which they nearly always mean the health of the "population" of patients "attributed" by Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurers to their organizations. But population health can and should also mean "the health of the entire population in a geographic area." We present arguments for an...

Inappropriate water governance, which has been known as a variable to explain the water crisis in many parts of the world, needs to examine the institutional structures and required reforms. In the present study, the effectiveness and possibility of applying of five rural local organizations, as intermediate organizations for water resources protection in Anar and Rafsanjan areas, Kerman provin...