Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and extract the implications of critical realism for science, technology and innovation policy-making as one of the later research traditions in social sciences. Nevertheless, its main focus, according to the different stages of the policy-making cycle and extent of its contributing factors, is on the stage of "policy evaluation". Methods: Thi...

A key aspect of the Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) is what mechanisms it includes to carry policy information and to enable policy control. This applies both in the protocol itself and in the services associated with the different components of the routing system. Similarly, the data-models associated with the services must be capable of expressing the appropriate granularity for access...

The countercyclical monetary policy is a policy that economists recommend to adopt in order to slow down the economic fluctuations. The aim of this study is to address the question that, in the presence of fiscal dominance and considering institutional quality (IQL), what the optimal monetary policy should be during the business cycles? To find the appropriate answer, first, in the framework of...

Indonesia, as one of the Global South countries, has responded to digital transformation by launching policy Minister Communication and Information Technology Number 5 2020 concerning Implementation Private Electronic Systems (ESO) for realization sovereignty. The reaped negative sentiments from public. Several articles considered ‘rubber articles’ indicated weaken human rights in obtaining con...

BACKGROUND Despite our knowledge of the causes of cancer, millions of workers are involuntarily exposed to a wide range of known and suspected carcinogens in the workplace. To address this issue from a policy perspective, we developed a policy framework based on a prospective health policy analysis. Use of the framework was demonstrated for developing policies to prevent cancers associated with...