A case is described of subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema developing as a complication of lung function tests in an immunocompromised patient with presumed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

The occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary lesions in laboratory rats, characterized by lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia with dense perivascular lymphoid cuffs, has been reported over the past decade. Although the term rat respiratory virus (RRV) was adopted to confer a putative viral etiology to the idiopathic pulmonary lesions, the etiology of this disease remains to be elucidated. Recent...

Despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, pulmonary complications in AIDS are a common clinical problem. Pneumocystis jiroveci infection causes a life-threatening pneumonia, especially in individuals with CD4 T cell deficiencies as occurs in AIDS. Although Pneumocystis sp. is an extracellular fungal pathogen, CD8 T cells are the predominant lymphocyte recruited to the lung in ...

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It usually presents radiologically as diffuse bilateral infiltrates and histologically as a foamy, eosinophilic intra-alveolar exudate containing the organisms' cysts. We recently studied two rare cases of P carinii pneumonia presenting as pulmonary nodules on chest x-ray films in two p...

INTRODUCTION Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations' (55th and 57th codon) association with prior sulfa prophylaxis failure has been reported from both developed and developing countries. We conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of P. jirovecii DHPS mutations from 2006 to 2009 on P. jirovecii isolates obtained from HIV-infected patients with a ...

We report 13 cases of pulmonary pneumocystis (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients. Of eight males and five females, with a mean age 55 years, one had breast neoplasia, two common variable (CVID), an autoimmune disease "Goodpasture's syndrome", idiopathic fibrosis (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis (NIP)) undergoing prolonged corticosteroid therapy for no kno...

A type of pneumonia due to the protozoon Pneumocystis carinii has been recognized in Europe for many years. There is frequent association with interstitial plasma cell pneumonia. Premature infants and debilitated full-term infants are chiefly affected, with peak incidence of infection occurring between 6 weeks and 4 months (Gajdusek, 1957). In recent years sporadic cases have been reported in G...

Lymphoproliferative Disorder (LPD) is a complication of Methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Several cases Methotrexate-Associated (MTX-LPD) have been reported. However, pulmonary lesions in MTX-LPD are rare. Image findings show various patterns. Pneumocystis pneumonia and interstitial pneumonia, which complex courses, reported MTX-treated patients with lung diseases other than MTX-LPD. Furthermore, the...

From the first descriptions of HIV/AIDS, the lung has been the site most frequently affected by the disease. Most patients develop a pulmonary complication during the history of HIV infection, mainly of infectious aetiology. Important changes in the epidemiology of HIV-related pulmonary infections have occurred. Overall, prescription of Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis and the introduction of...

Transmission-emission scanning of the thorax with a flood source of technetium-99m (99mTc), autologous 99mTc labelled red blood cells, and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (99mTc DTPA) allows measurement of thoracic tissue thickness and blood and interstitial volume per pixel of the gamma camera image. Volume of blood or interstitium per pixel divided by pixel area gives the thoracic tissue ...