Background Achieving World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for postnatal care (PNC) within the first few weeks of life is vital to eliminating early mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) and improving infant health. Almost half of the annual global deaths among children under five occur during the first six weeks of life. This study aims to identify uptake of three PNC visits wit...

BACKGROUND Each year, 287,000 women die from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth, and 3.8 million newborns die before reaching 28 days of life. The near totality (99%) of maternal and neonatal deaths occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Utilization of essential obstetric care services including postnatal care (PNC) largely contributes to the reduction of maternal and...

BACKGROUND In many African countries, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services are predominantly delivered by nurses. Although task-shifting is not yet well established, community health workers (CHWs) are often informally used as part of PMTCT delivery. According to the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Task-shifting Guidelines, many PMTCT tasks can be shifted from...

The dependence of the 6s−7s PNC amplitude in Cs on the radius of the neutron distribution is studied. It is found that differences in neutron and proton r.m.s. radii for Cs predicted in recent nuclear structure calculations lead to a 0.26% reduction in the 6s − 7s PNC amplitude; a factor of 3 greater than the change predicted in previous calculations.

Rapid detection of Vibrio vulnificus can be enhanced by optimizing the components of enrichment broth. PNC (5% peptone, 1% NaCl, and 0.08% cellobiose [pH 8.0]) enhanced the growth of V. vulnificus compared to alkaline peptone broth. PNCC (PNC with 1.0 to 4.1 U of colistin methanesulfonate per ml) increased the growth of low levels of V. vulnificus while suppressing non-target bacteria.

The dominant one-loop vacuum-polarization correction to atomic wave functions are evaluated for the 6s–7s parity nonconserving (PNC) E1 transition amplitude in cesium. This correction increases the size of the PNC amplitude by 0.4% and thus increases the difference between the experimental value of the weak charge QW and the one predicted by the standard model.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle occurs when intensity stimuli precede stronger startle-inducing stimuli by 10-1000 ms. PPI deficits are found in individuals with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and they correlate with other cognitive impairments. Animal research and clinical studies have demonstrated that both PPI and cognitive function can be enhanced by nicotine. PPI has b...

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between exposure to airborne indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular and respiratory health in a population-based sample of 58 residences in Copenhagen, Denmark. Over a 2-day period indoor particle number concentrations (PNC, 10-300 nm) and PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter<2.5 μm) were monitored for each of the residences...

The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a survival mechanism of alarm, which rapidly alerts the organism to a sudden loud auditory stimulus. In rats, the primary ASR circuit encompasses three serially connected structures: cochlear root neurons (CRNs), neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), and motoneurons in the medulla and spinal cord. It is well-established that both CRNs and Pn...

In this paper, we propose a novel communication strategy which incorporates physical-layer network coding (PNC) into multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) two-way relay channels (TWRCs). At the heart of the proposed scheme lies a new key technique referred to as eigen-direction alignment (EDA) precoding. The EDA precoding efficiently aligns the two-user’s eigen-modes into the same directions. B...