Containment level 4 (CL4) laboratories studying biosafety level 4 viruses are under strict regulations to conduct nonhuman primate (NHP) studies in compliance of both animal welfare and biosafety requirements. NHPs housed in open-barred cages raise concerns about cross-contamination between animals, and accidental exposure of personnel to infectious materials. To address these concerns, two NHP...

Background: During the past few decades, changes have been observed not only in the prevalence of dental caries, but also in the distribution and pattern of the disease in the population. Most conventional radiographic imaging of teeth underestimates the presence of caries. Cone-beam CT is a new technology which can provide volumetric data of the object, from which cross-sectional images can be...

Bound states in continuum (BICs) are resonances with zero width (infinite lifetime) without any leakage into the surrounding media. Their fascinating properties and potential applications have attracted a great deal of interest. In this paper, we give an analytical, numerical, experimental demonstration BICs simple acoustic structures based on either single solid layer or triple solid-liquid-so...

Strong oblique shock waves of granular flow are a steady-state solution formed when free-surface deflects around wedge-shaped obstacle at supercritical speed, but they do not usually occur because their formation requires specific conditions to be satisfied downstream the wave. This paper discusses method generating strong wave in laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. The is conducted...

industrial development and extensive use of heavy metals have led to the problem of environmental pollution. nickel compounds are toxic to plants and have detrimental effects on their growth. valerian is a plant used in herbal medicine. considering the hazards of nickel, various methods have been developed to remove this contaminant from herbs irrigation wastewater, including the common chemica...

Introduction: Recently Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are being checked as interventional treatments in biological systems. The scavenging of free radicals by nanoparticles performance is the inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Ionizing radiations can prevent the proliferation and differentiation of cells and even cause apoptosis. CONPs, as radioprotection, can pro...

P iaget's theory of cognitive de velopment changed the way psy chologists and educators view children's intellectual development. However, with the widespread ac ceptance of Piaget's insight and theory has also come research that modifies and refines his contribution. According to Piaget, there are four major stages of development: the sensory-motor, the pre-operational, the concrete operationa...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different solvents; carbonic acid (H2CO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the surface hardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. METHODS AND MATERIALS Plexiglass molds were prepared and filled with Angelus MTA or CEM cement and then...

Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) spawn in fall and hatch in spring; to protect their eggs over the winter they spawn on rocky reefs, where the eggs settle deeply into interstices. Uptake of water swells the eggs, further protecting them by lodging in crevices. Freshwater sculpin (Cottidae), the primary predator of salmonid eggs, are small, benthic fishes with malleable bodies and large heads. ...

To understand the propagation characteristics of methane-air deflagration flames and in an obstacle-filled tube, a high-speed color video camera, photoelectric sensors, and pressure transducers were used to test the deflagration flame propagating parameters. The tests were run in a 1500 mm long plexiglass tube with a 100 × 100 mm square cross-section. The obstacles included four types of repeat...