We examined the distribution of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1alpha and mGluR5a, in the adult rat retina and during postnatal development using receptor-specific antisera. In contrast to the restricted localization of group II and group III mGluRs to either the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or the inner plexiform layer (IPL), group I mGluRs are present in both synaptic layer...

Type I Neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a dominant autosomal disease. Its prognosis is related to the development of tumors that may evolve to malignancy. It is characterized by multiple café-au-lait spots, skeletal defects, optical gliomas, Lisch nodules and neurofibromas. Plexiform neurofibromas (PN) are one of the many possible findings on patients affected by the disease. This paper aims at repor...

We report the unusual case of a plexiform fibromyxoma, occasionally assessed in a lithiasic gallbladder. The full thickness assessment of the gallbladder wall revealed an intra-mural, well demarked multi-nodular tumor (1 cm), consisting of a plexiform growth of spindle cells, included within a fibromyxoid stroma with a rich micro-vascular network. The tumor cells featured no nuclear atypia, nor...

BACKGROUND To present a rare case of a 2-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who presented with ptosis of the right upper eyelid along with a tumor in the eyelid. METHODS A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the orbit revealed a solid tumor located extraconally at the site of the right lacrimal gland. A transcranial orbitotomy was performed. RESULTS Histopathological examinati...

Pulmonary arteries from a case of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy were studied with the electron microscope. Many muscular pulmonary arteries showed intimal fibrosis of concentric or "onion-skin" type. The cells embedded within this fibrosis resembled smooth muscle but since they also possessed some features of fibroblasts we refer to them as myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts also occurred in pl...

In the vertebrate retina, neurites from distinct neuronal cell types are constrained within the plexiform layers, allowing for establishment of retinal lamination. However, the mechanisms by which retinal neurites are segregated within the inner or outer plexiform layers are not known. We find that the transmembrane semaphorins Sema5A and Sema5B constrain neurites from multiple retinal neuron s...

The fine structure of reconstructed neural retina formed from dissociated neural retinal cells of 6^-day-oId chick embryos on the chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos was examined with the electron microscope. Three nuclear layers (ganglion cell Jayer, inner and outer nuclear layers) and two fibrous layers (inner and outer plexiform layers) are found within the reconstructed retina. Both ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to report a case of a plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) in the pelvic region treated with sweet bee venom (SBV) and mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture (MGP). METHODS A 16-year-old girl was diagnosed as having PNFs, neurofibromatosis type 1, 10 years ago and she had surgery three times to remove the benign tumors, but the growth of the PNFs continued. She has ...