Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are a class of 3D imaging systems that produce a 3D point cloud by measuring the range and two angles to a point. The fundamental measurement of a TLS is range. Relative range error is one component of the overall range error of TLS and its estimation is therefore an important aspect in establishing metrological traceability of measurements performed using these...

This paper introduces the mechanical behavior of precise straightening thin-walled members systematically. As a result of its cross section characteristics of the thin-walled members, traditional straightening theory does not work well in the straightening process of this kind of metal bar stock. Considering the stress evolvement of section during the straightening process, a model was built to...

The standard contact structure ξst on the unit sphere S 2n−1 = ∂D2n ⊂ Cn can be defined as the hyperplane field of complex tangencies. In other words, if we write J0 for the complex structure on (the tangent bundle of) C n, then ξst(p) = TpS 2n−1 ∩ J0(TpS 2n−1) for all p ∈ S2n−1. Conversely, given any contact structure ξ = kerα on S2n−1 (with α a 1-form such that α ∧ (dα)n−1 is a volume form de...

Sieve elements are one of the least understood cell types in plants. Translocation velocities and volume flow to supply sinks with photoassimilates greatly depend on the geometry of the microfluidic sieve tube system and especially on the anatomy of sieve plates and sieve plate pores. Several models for phloem translocation have been developed, but appropriate data on the geometry of pores, pla...

Some pipelines face global plastic straining due to the nature of their installation process or harsh environmental conditions during operation. The ability of the girth welds to withstand these plastic strains is often evaluated on the basis of wide plate tests. Key for the validity of these tests is a representative measurement of remote strain, mostly obtained by linear variable differential...

Ridge curves are important features in human vision (see Koenderink, 1990, p.295). In this paper we apply a simple algebraic criterion of Porteous (1994) to the problem of nding ridge curves in machine vision. This work provides a simpler approach than other existing methods (see for example, Thirion and Gourdon, 1992, and Hosaka, 1992). To identify ridge curves in practice on surface data it i...

The effects of complex slab geometries on the surrounding mantle flow field are still poorly understood. Here we combine shear wave velocity structure with Rayleigh wave phase anisotropy to examine these effects in southern Peru, where the slab changes its geometry from steep to flat. To the south, where the slab subducts steeply, we find trench-parallel anisotropy beneath the active volcanic a...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop an easy-to-use procedure for individual registration and to test its accuracy. Unlike common principles, the method should be based on a transfer of the articulator geometry to the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS The system consists of an articulator holding a bite plate in a standard position. The bite plate connects to an electronic recording ...