This article explains the history, from 1600 BC to 2008, of materials that are today termed 'plastics'. It includes production volumes and current consumption patterns of five main commodity plastics: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. The use of additives to modify the properties of these plastics and any associated safety, in use, issu...

increasing in production and consumption of plastics and petroleum composites in human's daily life, leads to accumulation of large amounts of non-biodegradable plastic wastes and it has caused many environmental problems. evaluations show that each year large amounts of plastics are produced in the world and much plastic trash discarded into the marine environment and it accumulates. since bio...

ith more than 8 million tons of plastic entering the ocean each year, humanity must urgently rethink the way we make and use plastics, so that they do not become waste in the first place. Cheap, light, and versatile, plastics are the dominant materials of our modern economy. Their production is expected to double over the next two decades. Yet, only 14% of all plastic packaging is collected for...

little is known about the interaction of tissue conditioners and modeling plastics. this study evaluates the influence of a variety of commercial tissue conditioners on alteration of viscoelastic properties of modeling plastics.in this in vitro study, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of four commercially available tissue conditioners (tc), visco-gel (vg), gc soft-liner (sl), fitt (ft), and c...

Anthropogenic plastic pollution is a global problem. In the marine environment, one of its less studied effects is the transport of attached biota, which might lead to introductions of non-native species in new areas or aid in habitat expansions of invasive species. The goal of the present work was to assess if the material composition of beached anthropogenic litter is indicative of the raftin...

ith more than 8 million tons of plastic entering the ocean each year, humanity must urgently rethink the way we make and use plastics, so that they do not become waste in the first place. Cheap, light, and versatile, plastics are the dominant materials of our modern economy. Their production is expected to double over the next two decades. Yet, only 14% of all plastic packaging is collected for...

Abstract Research on the environmental impacts from global value chain of plastics has typically focused disposal phase, considered most harmful to environment and human health. However, production is also responsible for substantial environmental, health socioeconomic impacts. We show that carbon particulate-matter-related footprint doubled since 1995, due mainly growth in coal-based economies...

ith more than 8 million tons of plastic entering the ocean each year, humanity must urgently rethink the way we make and use plastics, so that they do not become waste in the first place. Cheap, light, and versatile, plastics are the dominant materials of our modern economy. Their production is expected to double over the next two decades. Yet, only 14% of all plastic packaging is collected for...

This paper discusses the production of plastic furniture in post-war Belgium. Plastics were commonly used to imitate wood order mass-produce traditional popular styles. provoked strong reactions from industry protecting their trade, and modernists, who rejected “dishonest” use materials. The Meurop company was established 1958 with a policy offer good design at affordable prices. Targeting new ...