nowadays, factor of energy besides other factors such as labor and capital plays an important role in agricultural production. energy is used as a factor for agricultural machines and instruments. important discussion about this subject is the reaction rate of energy demand to price variations of energy and other factors. so, this study estimates the functions of energy demand in agricultural s...

real-time pricing schemes make the customers to feel the energy price volatility and improve their load profiles. however, these schemes have no significant effect on demand-side uncertainty reduction. in this paper, considering smart grid infrastructures and smart building energy management system (ems), a new real-time pricing scheme is presented to reduce the uncertainty of demand-side. in t...

The high demand for carbon composite in many industries results in an increase in the embodied energy footprint of carbon composites. Recycling technologies for carbon composites are being developed to reduce the embodied energy footprint of the material. The purpose of this research is to analyze and estimate the specific energy consumption from mechanical recycling method, specifically a ball...

School buildings as a major part of public buildings are considered as one of the basic consumers of energy in Iran. Based on building typology and occupancy patterns, school buildings have a great potentiality for energy optimization while providing thermal comfort. This study investigates the architectural design parameters such as orientation, optimum window to wall ratio, space organization...

We use considerations of energy balance and dissipation to derive a self-consistent version of the shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of plastic deformation in amorphous solids. The theory is generalized to include arbitrary spatial orientations of STZs. Continuum equations for elasto-plastic material and their energy balance properties are discussed.

The expressions for the free energy in two recent formulations of strain gradient plasticity are extended to include the locked-in strain energy around statistically stored dislocations. This is accomplished by using the strain dependent factor h(ep), which represents the fraction of the rate of plastic work converted into heat in accordance with the latent heat measurements from classical meta...

gasoline is the most important energy product in the passenger transportation sector in iran. gasoline demand survey has a high priority in iran because of its ever-increasing consumption. the most important challenges for this purpose are uncertainties resulting from structural failure of economy, changing of policies and lack of accurate data. this research aims to specify the variables expla...