AIMS The aims were to determine blood-brain barrier penetration and brain extracellular pharmacokinetics for the anticonvulsant vigabatrin (VGB; γ-vinyl-γ-aminobutyric acid) in brain extracellular fluid and plasma from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, and to measure the response of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in brain extracellular fluid. METHODS Severe TBI patients ...

Liver diseases are known to affect the function of remote organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pringle maneuver, which results in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and partial hepatectomy (Hx) on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of sodium fluorescein (FL), which is a widely used marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Rats were subj...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma and brain glucose levels during euglycemia and hypoglycemia in healthy subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (5 mmol/L) and hypoglycemic (3 mmol/L) [1-(13)C]glucose clamps were performed in eight healthy subjects and nine patients with uncomplicated T1DM (HbA(1c) 7.7 ...

Circulating factors in preeclamptic women are thought to cause endothelial dysfunction and thereby contribute to the progression of this hypertensive condition. Despite the involvement of neurological complications in preeclampsia, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of circulating factors on cerebrovascular function. Using a rat model of pregnancy, we investigated blood-brain barri...

Background: Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) and tau are plasma biomarkers of neuronal injury which can be elevated in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is an established marker volume status heart failure (HF) cBIN1 score (CS) emerging biomarker cardiac muscle health. It not known if, HF patients, there a correlation between m...

Circulating factors in preeclamptic women are thought to cause endothelial dysfunction and thereby contribute to the progression of this hypertensive condition. Despite the involvement of neurological complications in preeclampsia, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of circulating factors on cerebrovascular function. Using a rat model of pregnancy, we investigated blood-brain barri...

Abstract PURPOSE AMLAL-101 is a novel agent which preferentially targets α3, α5 subtypes of ɣ-amino butyric acid receptors and shows anti-tumor activity against disparate cancer types. being advanced as an ‘add-on’ to potentiate treatment primary metastatic brain cancers. However, must penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) show sufficient retention. The purpose this study was determine plasma...

Steroids in brain arise from the peripheral endocrine glands and local synthesis. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), the endogenous circulating hormones at the time of injury are important for neuroprotection. In particular, pseudopregnant females recover better than males from TBI. We investigated the effect of pseudopregnancy and TBI on steroid levels in plasma and in three brain regions (withi...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether in vivo drug distribution to the brain can be reconstructed by integrating P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/mdr1a expression levels, P-gp in vitro activity, and drug unbound fractions in mouse plasma and brain. For 11 P-gp substrates, in vitro P-gp transport activities were determined by measuring transcellular transport across monolayers of mouse P-gp-tran...