Curb is a collection of plantar tarsal soft tissue injuries and not simply long plantar desmitis as has been previously supposed. In fact, only 30% of horses in this study had injury of the long plantar ligament (LPL). Horses with curb are more likely to have swelling and injury of peritendinous and periligamentous tissue and/or superficial digital flexor tendonitis than injury of the LPL. Care...

As clinicians become more involved in preventative screening, assessment, and treatment of newborns and infants, an increasing need exists for quantitative, normal joint range-of-motion data for this population. We used a goniometer to assess in 40 healthy, full-term newborns the following passive ranges of motion: hip extension, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and th...

TARSAL tunnel syndrome is the pedal equivalent of carpal tunnel syndrome. The common aetiology of a tunnel syndrome is the compression of a nerve as it passes through an inextensible compartment. The nerve involved is the posterior tribial as it passes deep to the flexor rectinaculum, postero-inferior to the medial malleolus. The nerve divides to form the medial plantar, lateral plantar and cal...

Sensory impairments caused by neurological or physical disorders hamper kinesthesia, making rehabilitation difficult. In order to overcome this problem, we proposed and developed a novel biofeedback prosthesis called Auditory Foot for transforming sensory modalities, in which the sensor prosthesis transforms plantar sensations to auditory feedback signals. This study investigated the short-term...

This study investigated whether a mirror mechanism exists for bipedal locomotion. We employed the soleus (plantar flexor) Hoffman reflex to investigate corticospinal excitability at the spinal level during observation of bipedal locomotion. The differential amplitude modulation of the left soleus Hoffman reflex during observation of bipedal heel-stepping (plantar dorsiflexion) (324+/-53 microV)...

To investigate the specificity of fusimotor (gamma) drive during locomotion, gamma-efferents were recorded from the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerves in a decerebrate cat preparation. These nerves innervate hindlimb muscles that differ in some aspects of their mechanical action. For both FHL and FDL two stereotyped patterns of gamma activity were distinguishe...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of single session Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) over the ankle plantar flexor muscles on the spasticity, muscle architecture, and gait in chronic stroke patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental, single group study had a repeated measures design. A total of 17 post-stroke patients were selected by convenience sampling method, and received 2000 sho...