The Potyviridae is the largest family of RNA plant viruses, members of which have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes and flexuous filamentous particles 680-900 nm long and 11-20 nm wide. There are eight genera, distinguished by the host range, genomic features and phylogeny of the member viruses. Genomes range from 8.2 to 11.3 kb, with an average size of 9.7 kb. Most genomes are monopa...

The aims of this research are firstly, to study the advantages of electrophoretic techniques. Secondly, to look at the usefulness of a few mediums support of electrophoretic proteins especially the acrylamide gel. Thirdly, to examine the number of plant organs which could be used as the sources of plant proteins, and how these plants protein should be applied in the medium support that has been...

The geminiviruses are a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2500-5200 bases. Geminiviruses are transmitted by various types of insect (whiteflies, leafhoppers, treehoppers and aphids). Members of the genus Begomovirus are transmitted by whiteflies, those in the genera Becurtovirus, Curtovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus and Turncurtovirus are trans...

Advances in automated and high-throughput imaging technologies have resulted in a deluge of high-resolution images and sensor data of plants. However, extracting patterns and features from this large corpus of data requires the use of machine learning (ML) tools to enable data assimilation and feature identification for stress phenotyping. Four stages of the decision cycle in plant stress pheno...

To classify equipments regardless of their manufacturer, the KKS, a product classification system, provides the required features to develop Plant Data Management Information System (PDMIS). Equipment items have one status at any one time. Equipment installed in a plant is assigned to a group with the KKS nomenclature system. In process plant, products of the same type are employed several time...

Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi is an extremely harmful exotic insect in forest to Pinus species, including Pinus massoniana. Using both morphological taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics, we identified 15 strains of entomogenous fungi, which belong to 9 genera with high diversities. Surprisingly, we found that five strains that were classified as species of Pestalotiopsis, which has been consi...

Mastic (Chatlanqosh or turpentine) is a valuable tree species in most parts of the country, particularly around the southern slopes of the Alborz and Zagros mountain range distributed. Wild Mastic tree is mainly due to the adaptability and hard rocky ground tree and needless to excessive irrigation, it doesn't usually crop. It is the mountain range of the plant, giving it less water. The soil a...

Sophora interrupta Bedd, was a common woody perennial herb native to India. Reports suggest that the plant possesses numerous health promoting benefits such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The plant exhibited several potential in vitro anticancer effects on MCF-7, PC-3, HeLa and HePG-2 cell lines. In vivo assay’s suppressed in mouse models Dalton’s lym...

Sapindus emarginatus is important indigenous plant with lots of traditional importance belongs to family sapindaceae. It is commonly called as Soap nut tree which is found in most of the hilly regions of India. Each and every part of the plant is used traditionally in various ailments. Trees of genus Sapindus are cultivated in many parts of India. The secondary metabolites present in Sapindus e...