This chapter explains methods for the automatic selection of a new control configuration after some fault has changed the dynamical properties of the plant. An automatic control system can use this method after severe faults have been detected in the plant by a monitoring algorithm. It chooses new actuators, new sensors, a new control law and possibly new set-points so as to stabilize the plant...

Abstract:The operation of modern day process plant cannot be visualized without the smart looking Distributed Control System (DCS) situated in control rooms. Process plant automation has evolved from pneumatics to electronics’ to DCS. Use of DCS leads to various advantages like the overall optimization, ease of operation and maintenance tasks, easy monitoring of more plant parameters and ensure...

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that degrades cytoplasmic constituents in vacuoles. Plant pathogenic fungi develop special infection structures and/or secrete a range of enzymes to invade their plant hosts. It has been demonstrated that monitoring autophagy processes can be extremely useful in visualizing the sequence of events leading to pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi. In th...

The paper reports a technique used to construct a reference time series for the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically-active radiation (FAPAR) based on remotely-sensed data in the largest Russian arid wetland territory. For the arid Volga-Akhtuba wetlands, FAPAR appears to be an informative spectral index for estimating plant cover health and its seasonal and annual dynamics. Since FAPAR algo...

Agriculture is the sector with the greatest water consumption, since food production is frequently based on crop irrigation. Proper irrigation management requires reliable information on plant water status, but all the plant-based methods to determine it suffer from several inconveniences, mainly caused by the necessity of destructive sampling or of alteration of the plant organ due to contact ...

Offline simulation is often used by plant builders for the design of metallurgical plants and to ensure that performance expectations are met. Whereas some simulation models cover operations across the complete plant (e.g., throughput calculations), smaller simulation models focus on individual topics such as closed-loop control, vibration behavior and the functionality of single components. Th...

Gene expression is a fundamental cellular process and expression dynamics are of great interest in life science. We succeeded in monitoring cellular gene expression in a duckweed plant, Lemna gibba, using bioluminescent reporters. Using particle bombardment, epidermal and mesophyll cells were transfected with the luciferase gene (luc+) under the control of a constitutive [Cauliflower mosaic vir...

Most nuclear power plants in operation were built in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Plants of this vintage would require extensive upgrade for the instrumentation and control (I&C) to be able to support plant life extension. The most challenging aspect of I&C upgrades for these plants is the upgrade of the neutron monitoring system (NMS) and the Reactor Manual Control System (RMCS). These are specializ...

Biotic stressors, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are rather difficult to detect. In plants, one of the earliest cellular responses following pathogen infection is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a novel optical device for the early monitoring of Pseudomonas attack was developed; this device measures the ROS level via oxidation-sensitive 2', 7'-dichlorodihy...

This paper presents an electric power monoring based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the nuclear power plants. The Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and the feed-forward neural network are selected for the plant modeling and anomaly detection because of the high capability of modeling for dynamic behaviors. Two types of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are used. The first one Elman type of ...