among the significant issues relating to interpretation of laws is whether a later law will abrogate an earlier one or just qualify it. as it seems that disagreement exists between the meaning of a general and a specific law, it should be discussed whether the specific law qualify the general one or abrogate it. in this article, the nature of abrogation will be discussed. then, various kinds of...

the internet has transformed the manner of conducting commercial transactions and has created regulatory gaps. these regulatory gaps may impact the effective development of electronic commerce. attempts are being made to regulate electronic contracts both at the national and international level. the present research analyses these attempts, in particular the electronic transaction legislation o...

Recent mass killings, such as those in Newtown, Connecticut, and Aurora, Colorado, have brought new attention to mass killings in the United States. This article examines 323 mass killings taking place between January 1, 2006, and October 4, 2016, to assess how they are distributed over time. In particular, we find that they appear to be uniformly distributed over time, which suggests that thei...

All real processes generate entropy and the power/exergy loss is usually determined by means of the Gouy-Stodola law. If the system only exchanges heat at the environmental temperature, the Gouy-Stodola law gives the correct loss of power. However, most industrial processes exchange heat at higher or lower temperatures than the actual environmental temperature. When calculating the real loss of...

Background: The inverse relationship between movement speed and accuracy in goal-directed aiming is mostly investigated using the classic Fitts’ paradigm. According to Fitts’ law, movement time scales linearly with a single quantity, the index of difficulty (ID), which quantifies task difficulty through the quotient of target width and distance. Fitts’ law remains silent, however, on how ID aff...

The article discusses the frequency of characters of Oracle,concluding that the frequency and the rank of a word or character is fit to Zipf-Mandelboit Law or Zipf’s law with three parameters,and figuring out the parameters based on the frequency,and pointing out that what some researchers of Oracle call the assembling on the two ends is just a description by their impression about the Oracle d...