This paper demonstrates the influence of the trailing end of the piston, or inboard, pad on the propensity of a brake to generate audible squeal. The unique technique was employed to measure the dynamic centre of pressure at the pad/disc interface during a normal braking operation. This novel technique uses an embedded pressure sensitive film within the pad. The paper also presents the co-plana...

We examine a rod piston-rotaxane system, where the positions of several mobile rings on the axle are controlled by an external force acting on one of the rings. This allows us to access the translational entropy of the rings. For a simple rotaxane molecule with an axle that has uniform ring-axle interactions along its length, the molecule behaves like a miniature piston filled with a one-dimens...

Collisionless shocks are common phenomena in space and astrophysical systems, and in many cases, the shocks can be modeled as the result of the expansion of a magnetic piston though a magnetized ambient plasma. Only recently, however, have laser facilities and diagnostic capabilities evolved sufficiently to allow the detailed study in the laboratory of the microphysics of piston-driven shocks. ...

The equations of motion of plate type suction and discharge valves mounted on reciprocating pistons are given. Their solutions by modal series expansion are discussed and finally given in a form that conforms to the notation and approach used in previous work. Using the definition of an equivalent pressure, it is shown that both types of valves are assisted in closing, which may result in prema...

In the present article, the thermal analysis of the cylinder and the piston in four-cylinder engines, made of functionally graded materials (FGMs), has been performed by using the super element method. The objective of using FGMs in the cylinder and the piston is to increase their performance. FGMs include a combination of ceramics and metals. Inside the cylinder, the ceramic is considered and ...

The dynamics of one-dimensional, piston-driven hydrogen–air detonations are predicted in the presence of physical mass, momentum and energy diffusion. The calculations are automatically verified by the use of an adaptive wavelet-based computational method which correlates a user-specified error tolerance to the error in the calculations. The predicted frequency of 0.97 MHz for an overdriven pul...

Noise reduction in axial piston pumps has been attempted by many researchers with different design approaches and techniques. However, most traditional structures on valve plate for noise reduction are at the cost of efficiency to different extent. In this article, a new distribution method with pressure equalization mechanism composed of check valve and pressure recuperation chamber is discuss...

The paper describes the identification of the variable critical gain and natural frequency of the pneumatic cylinder using the self-excited oscillations method. The pneumatic drives are characterized by the low stiffness of the pneumatic cylinder which depends on the piston position and determines the natural frequency of the cylinder. The variety of the stiffness in dependence on the piston po...

PURPOSE Palpation is used most commonly to assess tissue stiffness despite its well-known deficiencies. As an improvement, a mechanical technique known as ultrasonic indentation has been proposed. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of 3 ultrasonic indentation techniques in quantifying bone displacement in a specially constructed tissue simulator. METHODS Three ultrasonic in...