Direct tensile mechanical loading of an individual single-crystal BaTiO(3) nanowire was realized to reveal the direct piezoelectric effect in the nanowire. Periodic voltage generation from the nanowire was produced by a periodically varying tensile mechanical strain applied with a precision mechanical testing stage. The measured voltage generation from the nanowire was found to be directly prop...

The piezoelectric properties of [001](c) poled 0.94Pb(Zn(13)Nb(23))O(3)-0.06PbTiO(3) single crystals were greatly enhanced by controlling their domain configurations. Contrary to the interpretation of charged domain walls being the main contributor to the piezoelectric enhancement, we found that smaller domain size and more neutral domain walls were the main contributors for the piezoelectric e...

Piezoelectric materials are used in many engineering application. When modeling piezoelectric materials the standard assumption is that the electromagnetic field which is used to actuate the piezoelectric material is quasi static. In this paper we show that although the assumption of a quasi static electrical field is valid when one is interested in simulating a piezoelectric material, this ass...

A piezoelectric domain wall model has been developed to analyze the effective piezoelectric properties of domain engineered BaTiO(3) (BT) single crystals with different volume fractions of 90 degrees domain walls. The model takes into account the nonuniform deformation in the domain wall region, which can create additional anisotropy to enhanced functional properties of multidomain single cryst...

Piezoelectric transducer (SAW devices) is a very important device in industry but it is very difficult to simulate it using any circuit-simulation program. This paper proposes a practical method to simulate the Mason’s model of piezoelectric transducer directly with no approximation for different values of the model’s components using PSPICE. The paper also improves the simulated circuit compon...

Power supply is a bottle-neck problem of wireless micro-sensors, especially where the replacement of batteries is impossible or inconvenient. Now piezoelectric material is being used to harvest vibration energy for self-powered sensors. However, the geometry of a piezoelectric cantilever beam will greatly affect its vibration energy harvesting ability. This paper deduces a remarkably precise an...

Due to developments in additive manufacturing, the production of piezoelectric materials with complex geometries is becoming viable and enabling the manufacturing of thicker harvesters. Therefore, in this study a piezoelectric harvesting device is modelled as a bimorph cantilever beam with a series connection and an intermediate metallic substrate using the plain strain hypothesis. On the other...

− A piezoelectric accelerometer output voltage with zero shift was induced by the low-frequency response of the charge amplifier. So we designed a virtual amplifier with same input-output characteristic as the charge amplifier, and shock sensitivities of a piezoelectric accelerometer were evaluated by applying the input acceleration to the virtual amplifier. The shock sensitivities were compara...

This paper presents the design and testing of a one-axis piezoelectric accelerometer made from cellulose paper and piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) hydrothermally grown on paper. The accelerometer adopts a cantilever-based configuration with two parallel cantilever beams attached with a paper proof mass. A piece of U-shaped, ZnO-NW-coated paper is attached on top of the parallel bea...

Implantable nanogenerators are rapidly advanced recently as a promising concept for harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo. This review article presents an overview of the most current progress of implantable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a focus on materials selection, engineering, and assembly. The evolution of the PENG materials is discussed ...