Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is a seed borne disease of Brassicaceae. Eleven pathogenic races have been identified based on the phenotype interaction pattern of differential brassica cultivars inoculated with different strains. Race 1 and 4 are the two most frequent races found in Brassica oleracea crops. In this study, a PCR molecular diagnostic tool was de...

Karyotype studies of common shrews in the vicinity of Lake Baikal (Irkutsk Region, Eastern Siberia) resulted in the description of two new chromosomal races of Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lypotyphla, Mammalia), additional to 5 races formerly found in Siberia. In the karyotypes of 12 specimens from 3 locations, the polymorphism of metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes of the Robertsonian typ...

BACKGROUND Ovarian aging patterns differ between races, and appear to affect fertility treatment outcomes. What causes these differences is, however, unknown. Variations in ovarian aging patterns have recently been associated with specific ovarian genotypes and sub-genotypes of the FMR1 gene. We, therefore, attempted to determine differences in how functional ovarian reserve (FOR) changes with ...

abstract We present an eecient algorithm for \precisely" determining the possible alternate orderings of events from a program trace for a class of synchronization operations. The class includes, post and wait without clear, a restricted form of semaphores, and message passing where the sender names the receiver. The ordering information is precise in that a race detection system could be built...

This article presents e cient equity approximations for backgammon races based on statistical analyses. In conjunction with a 1{ply search the constructed evaluation functions allow a program to play short races almost perfectly with regard to checker{play as well as doubling cube handling. Moreover, the evaluation can naturally be extended to long races without losing much accuracy.

We compared sequence variation in the complete mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene with chromosomal and geographical variation for specimens of Peters' tent-making bat (Uroderma bilobatum). Three different chromosomal races have been described in this species: a 2n = 42 race from South America east of the Andes, a 2n = 44 from NW Central America and 2n = 38 from the rest of Central America and NW S...

Silkworms show high variability in silk quality and disease resistance. Attempts are on to combine the disease tolerance of multivoltine races and the silk quality of bivoltine races to generate new races with desirable phenotypic traits. We report the identification of a 26.5-kDa protein that is overexpressed in the gut juice of disease-resistant multivoltine races and that has anti-BmNPV acti...

Performance in Mixed-Sex and Single-Sex Tournaments: What We Can Learn from Speedboat Races in Japan In speedboat racing in Japan, women racers participate and compete in races under the same conditions as men, and all individuals are randomly assigned to mixed-gender or single-gender groups for each race. In this paper we use a sample of over 140,000 observations of individual-level racing rec...

Data races are notorious for their close relationship to many painful concurrency bugs that are very difficult to locate. On the other hand, it is both impossible and unnecessary to forbid every data race in large software systems, by locking every shared variable. It is impossible since we cannot afford for the performance deterioration by locking everything. It is unnecessary since most of th...