Although DSM-IV criteria for anxiety disorders include physiological symptoms, these symptoms are evaluated exclusively by verbal report. The current review explores the background for this paradox and tries to demonstrate on theoretical and empirical grounds how it could be resolved, providing new insights about the role of psychophysiological measures in the clinic. The three-systems approach...

Heart rate (HR) and its adjustment are affected by different physiological conditions such as sleep, physical activity and the emotional state. The instantaneous beat-by-beat fluctuation of heartbeats provides important information about the physiological state of the brain. While the precise origin of beat-by-beat HR variability has not been identified clearly, measures of HR dynamics provide ...

In response to physiological or psychological challenges, the brain activates behavioral and neuroendocrine systems linked to both metabolic and emotional outputs designed to adapt to the demand. However, dysregulation of integration of these physiological responses to challenge can have severe psychological and physiological consequences, and inappropriate regulation, disproportional intensity...

It is our goal in this article to review the literature and define those endocrinological diseases that often include anxiety states as part of their initial presentation or as a characteristic symptom seen during their course. Understanding the mechanism by which anxiety develops as a routine part of these neuroendocrinological disorders may help us understand the organic basis of anxiety diso...

Background: Somatoform and dissociative disorder categories have emerged from a common root, there was no apparent anatomical physiological basis which had temporal relationship to precipitating event. Objectives: To evaluate compare of stressful life events the patients somatoform disorders disorders. Materials methods: This comparative cross-sectional study carried out in outpatient departmen...

Background: A high percentage of the patients referred to dermatologic clinics are either suffer from self inflicted disorders or from misinterpretation about their own health and organ integrity and or may suffer from different skin sensations including itching, pain, and burning; all of which may develop as a result of their underlying psychopathologies. Objective: Identification of underlyin...

Cybertherapy is a field that is growing rapidly due to today's technology and information boom. Virtual reality and advanced technologies have been used successfully to in a variety of healthcare issues, including treatment of anxiety disorders and phobias, treatment of eating and body dysmorphic disorders, neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation and distraction during painful or unple...

Voltage-gated ion channels are important mediators of physiological functions in the central nervous system. The cyclic activation of these channels influences neurotransmitter release, neuron excitability, gene transcription, and plasticity, providing distinct brain areas with unique physiological and pharmacological response. A growing body of data has implicated ion channels in the susceptib...

Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects movement control system of the brain. HD symptoms lead to patient’s gait change and influence stride time intervals. In this study, we present a grey box mathematical model to simulate HDdisorders. This model contains main physiological findings about BG. Methods: We used artificial n...

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential vital cellular mechanisms that regulate many receptors enzymes through kinases phosphatases. Ca2+- dependent phosphatases responsible for controlling neuronal processing; balance is achieved opposition. During molecular of learning memory, generally modulate positively while negatively. This review outlines some the critical physio...