The Ellipsoid NDF is a new normal distribution function (NDF) that we introduce and use in the accompanying paper. It can be used with micro-facet BRDF to model the reflection and refraction of light from surfaces. This new distribution is a generalization of the widely used isotropic GGX/Trowbridge-Reitz distribution. The Ellipsoid model is based on the surface statistics of an arbitrary 3D el...

The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional aspects of the bear diet quantitatively, in order to understand plant food selection in spring. Bears were observed directly from April to July in 2013 and 2014, to visually recognize plant species consumed by bears, and to describe the foraging period in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains, central Japan. Leaves were collected from eight dominant tr...

We show that beta forms of Neu differentiation factor (NDF), homologous to acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity, glial growth factor, and heregulin, prevent apoptotic death and stimulate DNA synthesis of the E14 Schwann cell precursor, an early cell in the rat Schwann cell lineage. When precursors are exposed to NDF in defined medium, they generate Schwann cells without the requirement for ...

We present a physically-based animation method for simulating the diffusion of water pollutant in this paper. Our method allows animating the dynamic evolution of biological pollutants (e.g., water hyacinth, algae) on largescale water surface effectively. To enable the simulation of such a phenomenon in large scale virtual environment, we simplify the problem by considering the water pollutants...

Films like Shrek, Madagascar, The Chronicles of Narnia and Charlotte’s web all have something in common: realistic quadruped animations. While the animation of animals has been popular for a long time, the technical challenges associated with creating highly realistic, computer generated creatures have been receiving increasing attention recently. The entertainment, education and medical indust...

Interactive simulation is made possible in many applications by simplifying or culling the finer details that would make real-time performance impossible. This paper examines detail simplification in the specific problem of collision handling for rigid body animation. We present an automated method for calculating consistent collision response at different levels of detail. The mechanism works ...

regulation) or hormonal signals indicating satiety, a fulfilling of current nutritional requirements (metabolic Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is considered the laboratory mearegulation) (Van Soest, 1994). The concentration of sure most closely correlated with voluntary intake of forages by rumiNDF is the most common selection criterion to improve nant livestock. The objectives of this study wer...

Diets with low forage concentration may depress feed intake and average daily gain, while diets with high forage concentration may limit feed intake due to rumen filling. Adequate forage level may range from 7% to 14% in ration for feedlot lambs, depending on forage source and ingredient composition. Small amounts of good quality forage may improve growth performance of sheep in the first stage...

Two lamb trials were conducted to determine the effects of particle length (PL; 2.5 vs 10 cm) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment (0 vs 4%) of wheat straw on dry matter (DM) intake and site and extent of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion. Lambs in the first trial were fed ad libitum once daily. Lambs in the second trail were fed four t imes/d at 6-h intervals and were sacrificed ...