Thinkers sympathetic to the autonomy of the special sciences – and emergentists in particular – typically think, not only that the special sciences are not reducible to the fundamental physical level, but also that the properties studied by the special sciences have causal powers of their own. More physicalistically inclined philosophers forcefully attack the latter idea. Their master argument ...

review of mental health and physical health in night working nurses in golestan university of medical sciences in 2008-2009 hojjati h , tahery n , sharifniyai sh received: 14 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: night shift schedules may have negative physical, mental, and social effects on nurses and their personal life and reduces the quality of the work. this study...