Background: Using physical restraints is a highly preferred practice in intensive care units. Most of the studies show that the main reason for restraining patients is to prevent dislodgement of medical equipments and nurses have positive attitudes about restraining practices. Methods: This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the use of physical restraints, ongoing practices a...

The purpose of this study was to determine if physical restraint and/or seclusion had been used with different frequencies in patients of different racial groups in an inpatient forensic psychiatry facility. The method used was a retrospective correlational study of all inpatients (n = 806) treated from January 1993 through August 2000 at Kirby Forensic Psychiatric Center, a maximum-security in...

OBJECTIVE Involuntary treatment in mental health care is a sensitive but rarely studied issue. This study was part of the European Evaluation of Coercion in Psychiatry and Harmonization of Best Clinical Practice (EUNOMIA) project. It assessed and compared the use of coercive measures in psychiatric inpatient facilities in ten European countries. METHODS The sample included 2,030 involuntarily...

Background Restraining patients prompts difficult dilemmas and conflicts for the caregivers. With the understanding that the nursing staff plays a significant role in the decision to restrain a patient, we examined the factors and reasons that influence the concept and positions of the nursing staff regarding patient restraint. We examined nurses' attitudes, environmental concerns and emotional...

This article examines some of the ethical issues associated with the use of physical restraint in psychiatry and neurology. It offers no specific answers to individual operational problems, but a methodological matrix is proposed as an aid to experts in the various settings in which decisions are taken. The subject is addressed mainly by considering two sources: reference documents published by...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is important in regulating energy metabolism and in mediating responses to stressors, including increasing energy availability during physical exercise. In addition, glucocorticoids act directly on the central nervous system and influence behavior, including locomotor activity. To explore potential changes in the HPA axis as animals evolve higher vo...

Restraint and seclusion has been used to manage patients despite all controversies. Our study analyzed the opinions of different psychiatrists on the use of this method in their clinical practice. Most of them (80%) practice restraints as a treatment modality and believe that they are integral to the management of psychiatric patients. None is using seclusion.

The connectivity-based phasing method has been demonstrated to be capable of finding molecular packing and envelopes even for difficult cases of structure determination, as well as of identifying, in favorable cases, secondary-structure elements of protein molecules in the crystal. This method uses a single set of structure factor magnitudes and general topological features of a crystallographi...

What does libertarian theory, Murray Rothbard's theory in particular, tell us about the rights of children? The two foundational principles of Rothbardian libertarianism are the sanctity of private property and the rule of non-aggression. Persons, including children, are "self-owners". Yet children, at a young age, are not yet capable of functioning fully as "self-owners." They must be cared fo...