polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and phylogenetic analysis were used for molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria (labs) isolated from apis mellifera. eighteen honeybee workers were collected from three different apiaries in west azerbaijan. labs from the gut of honeybees were isolated and cultured using routine biochemical procedures. ge...

colibacillosis is of the most common infectious bacterial diseases of poultry.a total of 170 escherichia coli isolates obtained from broiler and layer flocks implicated with colibacillosis between 2011 and 2014 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. among 150 e. coli isolates from typical lesions of local and systemic colibacillosis, 54 (31.8%), 37 (21.7%), 36 (21.2%) and 43 (25.3%) isolates ...

 In this study, the palynology of 33 species of Silene belonging to 15 sections was investigated to examine the correspondence between palynology, morphological sections and phylogenetic trees. The pollen grains were prepared using the acetolysis method. Quantitative and qualitative micromorphological features of pollens were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy....

conclusions in this study, phylogenetic reconstruction of hcv-1 sequences clearly indicated for molecular tracing and ancestral relationships of the hcv genotypes in iran, and showed the likelihood of domestic origin for hcv-1a and various origin for hcv-1b. evidence acquisition the phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of ns5b gene of hcv genotype 1 (hcv-1), wh...

Phylogenetic networks are becoming increasingly popular in phylogenetics since they have the ability to describe a wider range of evolutionary events than their tree counterparts. In this paper, we study Markov models on phylogenetic networks and their associated geometry. We restrict our attention to large-cycle networks, networks with a single undirected cycle of length at least four. Using t...

Background: Candida auris is a globally emerging yeast pathogen that has shown not only resistance to most anti-fungal drugs but also thermo-tolerance to temperatures higher than the mammalian’s body temperature. Although it has been only a decade since the fungus was identified, its spread of infections has been rapid and quasi-epidemics have been reported. Co-occurrences of the fungus infecti...

stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) is one of the destructive diseases of wheat in the world. the fungal pathogen can infect 365 different grass and more than 70 berberis species. dna sequences for the ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacer (its) have proven suitable to explore relationships at the species and subspecies levels. an isolate of pgt which was collected fr...

in this study, the cdna growth hormone (cgh) of the belugasturgeon (husohuso) and russian sturgeon (acipensergueldenstaedtii) were cloned and sequenced, and phylogenetic relationships were examined using nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. the nucleotide sequence of the beluga gh has an open reading frame of 645 nucleotides encoding a protein 214 amino acid residues. the signal peptide cleav...