Lichong Shengsui Yin (LCSSY) is an effective and classic compound prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. To investigate its pharmacodynamic basis for treating ovarian cancer, the multi-dimensional spectrum-effect relationship was determined. Four compositions (I to IV) were obtained by extracting LCSSY successively with supercritical CO₂ f...

We experimentally demonstrate that a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector is deterministically controllable by bright illumination. We found that bright light can temporarily make a large fraction of the nanowire length normally conductive, can extend deadtime after a normal photon detection, and can cause a hotspot formation during the deadtime with a highly nonlinear sensitivity. A...

The Rochester Imaging Detector Laboratory, University of Rochester, Infotonics Technology Center, and Jet Process Corporation developed a hybrid silicon detector with an on-chip sigma-delta (Σ∆) ADC. This paper describes the process and reports the results of developing a fabrication process to robustly produce high-quality bump bonds to hybridize a back-illuminated detector with its Σ∆ ADC. Th...

Detailed calibrations of the Madison Symmetric Torus polychromator Thomson scattering system have been made suitable for electron temperature fluctuation measurements. All calibrations have taken place focusing on accuracy, ease of use and repeatability, and in situ measurements wherever possible. Novel calibration processes have been made possible with an insertable integrating sphere (ISIS), ...

This paper describes the detection of single photons, which have been transmitted through standard fiber at the telecom wavelength of 1310 nm. Following transmission, the 1310-nm photon is up-converted to 710 nm in a periodical-poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide and then detected by a silicon-based avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). The overall detection efficiency of the detector is 20%. We have also c...

The capacity is determined for an optical channel employing Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and an Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD) detector. This channel is different from the usual optical channel in that the detector output is characterized by a Webb-plus-Gaussian distribution, not a Poisson distribution. The capacity is expressed as a function of the PPM order, slot width, laser dead time, averag...

Low-noise single-photon detection is a prerequisite for quantum information processing using photonic qubits. In particular, detectors that are able to accurately resolve the number of photons in an incident light pulse will find application in functions such as quantum teleportation and linear optics quantum computing. More generally, such a detector will allow the advantages of quantum light ...

In HPLC, the detector is selected in accordance with the analyte. Many of the detectors used are based on optical absorbance, such as UV-Vis absorbance detectors and photodiode array (PDA) detectors. Absorbance detectors have the following features: The detector sensitivity and selectivity can be adjusted by setting an appropriate detector wavelength. The sensitivity is relatively high (althoug...

Time of flight laser range finding, scanning video imaging and deep space communications are three applications requiring very low noise optical receivers in order to achieve detection of fast and weak optical signal. Avalanche photodiode is the detector of choice for its high quantum efficiency, compact size and reduced electronics complexity. Optimal operating condition in terms of gain and t...

In many experiments it is important to be able to shutter the beam. In our work this is to protect radiation-sensitive samples from unnecessary exposure, or for reading out a low-noise CCD detector. Shuttering is often performed using either the beamline's safety shutter or a valve near the experiment. Both of these devices tend to be relatively slow, and frequent use can shorten their lifetime...