The forte of catalytic antibodies has resided in the control of the ground-state reaction coordinate. A principle and method are now described in which antibodies can direct the outcome of photophysical and photochemical events that take place on excited-state potential energy surfaces. The key component is a chemically reactive optical sensor that provides a direct report of the dynamic interp...

Gold nanosheets (AuNSs) with well-tuned thicknesses were synthesized by a facile photochemical reduction method in lamellar liquid crystals. It is found that ∼50 nm thick AuNSs present much stronger surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect than that of AuNSs with thicknesses of ∼8 nm and 100 nm.

A simple and novel method for the photochemical synthesis of AuNPs in liposomes is described. Gold salt is co-encapsulated with the photoinitiator Irgacure-2959 in POPC liposomes prepared via traditional thin-film hydration technique. UVA irradiation for 15 min results in encapsulated AuNPs of 2.8±1.6 nm in diameter that are primarily dispersed in the aqueous interior of the liposomes.

The concept of crosslinking involves a complicated process of formation of chemical bonds between larger molecules that can change the structure of the material, make it stronger and more resistant to decay. Physical crosslinking with ultraviolet light is used in various fields of industry and medicine for increasing the strength of the material. Chemical crosslinking methods are used in stomat...

The programmability and the integration of biochemical processing protocols are addressed for DNA computing using photochemical and microsystem techniques. A magnetically switchable selective transfer module (STM) is presented which implements the basic sequence-specific DNA filtering operation under constant flow. Secondly, a single steady flow system of STMs is presented which solves an arbit...

We report a method to control the conformation of a weak polyampholyte (the protein β-casein) in Langmuir monolayers by light, even though the protein is not photosensitive. Our approach is to couple the monolayer state to a photochemical reaction excited in the liquid subphase. The conformational transition of the protein molecule is triggered through its sensitivity to a subphase bulk field (...

Introduction/aims Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology facilitates the delivery of macromolecules into cytoplasm. The initial mechanism and practical application was described by Berg et al. in 1999. This, first in human trial, is an open, phase I dose escalating study to evaluate the safety and tolerance of the photosensitizer (amphinex) that is used to initiate the photoc...

Through extracellular measurements of photoreceptor responses to flashed stimuli, we examined how the bleaching of rhodopsin affects increment receptor threshold in the isolated retina of the skate (Raja oscellata and R. erinacea). Both initially unbleached and previously bleached photoreceptors, when exposed to full-field luminous backgrounds of fixed intensity, attain approximately stable lev...

Carbohydrates are important molecular components of living matter. While spectroscopic and computational studies have been performed on carbohydrates in the electronic ground state, the lack of a chromophore complicates the elucidation of the excited-state properties and the photochemistry of this class of compounds. Herein, we report on the first computational investigation of the singlet phot...