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The common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, has a sensitive vibration receptor in each of its eight legs. The receptor has been shown to respond to air-borne sound as well as to direct vibration (Walcott & Van der Kloot, 1959). But for a spider on its web a more usual source of information about the outside world comes from vibrations of the web strands themselves. What is the response o...

Researchers of Britain’s early postwar history of computing have known for some time that a series of five British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) radio broadcasts under the general title of “Automatic Calculating Machines” was broadcast on the BBC’s Third Programme radio service in May–June 1951. In these broadcasts, five British pioneers of computing spoke about their work. In the order of the...

It is no coincidence that we interact with the world primarily through visual means—light has many ideal properties for communication of information. These same properties make light ideal for data storage. The wavelength of visible light is small (on the order of 0.5 microns or about 1/7000 the height of a letter written in 10-point font), which indicates it can be used to read or write a larg...

I would like to add a historical footnote the excellent article by John Boone and Cynthia McCollough in September 2021 issue of Physics Today (page 34). The origins computed tomography (CT) can be traced William Oldendorf’s pioneering work late 1950s 1960s. Oldendorf was professor neurology at UCLA School Medicine when he developed prototype an automated tomographic device which used his son’s ...

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a remarkably simple instrument that can measure forces down to piconewtons and can resolve force changes caused by the displacement of its probe by a fraction of a nanometer. Furthermore, these measurements can be done under water, allowing for the study of biological material under conditions that resemble those in vivo. The AFM functions like aminiature ph...

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a remarkably simple instrument that can measure forces down to piconewtons and can resolve force changes caused by the displacement of its probe by a fraction of a nanometer. Furthermore, these measurements can be done under water, allowing for the study of biological material under conditions that resemble those in vivo. The AFM functions like aminiature ph...

Luther Burbank (1849–1926), the best-known horticulturist in the United States, was honored in 1940 by having a U.S. postage stamp in his honor—as a scientist! Burbank became a legend in his time as the plant inventor and horticultural wizard releasing a prodigious 800 new cultivars, a number of which are still being grown, the most famous being the ‘Burbank’ potato, the ‘Santa Rosa’ plum, and ...

Elastic modulus (shear modulus G or Young's modulus E) and internal friction Q-' were measured as a function of temperature on undoped Pb(Zr50Ti50)03, Pb(Zr,2Ti.,,)03 , Pb(Zr5,Ti,)0, ceramics from -180°C to 500°C. Experiments were performed at low and medium frequencies (0.1 Hz 4 kHz). The E(T) curves show two anomalies which are due to following phase transitions: tetragonal to cubic (Tc) and ...

This paper briefs on evolution of multimicroprocessor followed by introducing the technology and its blessings in today worlds .The paper concludes by particularization on the challenges presently sweet faced by multi-microprocessors and the way the business is making an attempt to deal with these problems Rapid and continuing advances in large-scale integrated (LSI) semiconductor technology ha...