In this article, using the definitions of central series and nilpotency in the Lie algebras, we give some results similar to the works of Hulse and Lennox in 1976 and Hekster in 1986. Finally we will prove that every non trivial ideal of a nilpotent Lie algebra nontrivially intersects with the centre of Lie algebra, which is similar to Philip Hall's result in the group theory.

A new medical diagnostic code for secondhand smoke exposure became available in 1994, but as of 2004 it remained an invalid entry on a common medical form. Soon after the code appeared, Philip Morris hired a Washington consultant to influence the governmental process for creating and using medical codes. Tobacco industry documents reveal that Philip Morris budgeted more than $2 million for this...

Messenger R N A that code for the /x chain of secreted (s) and cell surface (m) immunoglobul in M (IgM) differ in size ~ m R N A are 2.4 kilobases [kb]; ~m m R N A are 2.7 kb) and in sequence at their 3' termini (1-4). These sequences predict two different carboxy terminal amino acid sequences and account for peptide (5-7) as well as hydrophobici ty (8, 9) differences that have been shown for t...

N early 150 years ago, Charles Darwin explained how evolution and natural selection transformed the earliest life forms into the rich panoply of life seen today. Scientists estimate this process has been at work on Earth for at least 3.5 billion years. But we remain at the dawn of evolution in another world: the world of computing. There, evolution helps humans solve complex problems in enginee...

The difference between international politics as it actually is and a rational theory derived from it is like the difference between a photograph and a painted portrait. The photograph shows everything that can be seen by the naked eye; the painted portrait does not show everything that can be seen by the naked eye, but it shows, or at least seems to show, one thing that the naked eye cannot se...

This paper develops a model of an economy with clubs where individuals may belong to multiple clubs and where there may be ever increasing returns to club size. A club is a group of individuals who have formed an organization for the benefit of the group members. Clubs may be large, as large as the total agent set. The main condition required is that sufficient wealth can compensate for members...

This article explores the relevance performance studies to music scholarship by doing three interrelated actions. First, the author reassesses Pelias and VanOosting’s influential essay “A Paradigm for Performance Studies,” and suggest that their four performative topoi offer important insights into establishing transdisciplinary connections between music scholarship and performance studies. The...