| A growing body of evidence supports crucial roles for glycans at various pathophysiological steps of tumour progression. Glycans regulate tumour proliferation, invasion, haematogenous metastasis and angiogenesis, and increased understanding of these roles sets the stage for developing pharmaceutical agents that target these molecules. Such novel agents might be used alone or in combination wi...

A number of genetic syndromes are known to convey a high risk of colorectal cancer. Current standards of medical practice for these patients involve genetic testing followed by screening and surgical procedures. Pharmaceutical therapies for any of these syndromes are limited in number and are generally not approved by any regulatory body for applications in these genetic groups. This review dis...

During first year of steroid usage, osteocyte necrosis and blood vessel blockage may occur, which subsequently may produce steroid-induced bone infarction (SIBI) resulting in painful movement of patient. For treatment of SIBI, pharmaceutical strategy is the basic approach. It involves the use of various pharmacologically active compounds including bisphosphonates, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), coenz...

Skin is an emerging target tissue in pharmaceutical and cosmetic science. Safety assessment for dermal toxicity is a critical step for development of topically applicable pharmaceutical agents and ingredients in cosmetics. Urgent needs exist to set up toxicity testing methods for dermal safety, and identification of novel biomarkers for pathological cutaneous alteration is highly required. Here...

• Objective: To address steadily rising pharmaceutical expenses under global capitation, our physicianhospital organization (PHO) implemented a drug substitution program that supports primary care physicians (PCPs) in making prescription changes. • Program description: PCPs review pharmaceutical claims data, approve standard changes to more cost-effective alternative medications with lower pati...

The interaction between a medical device and a pharmaceutical solution it contacts may dictate solution safety and/or efficacy. Of specific concern is the ability of device components to leach into the contacting solution. As pharmaceutical solutions containing surfactants, co-solvents and solubilizing agents become more common, method's for assessing the extent of leaching are needed. In this ...

Microbes constitute important platforms for the biosynthesis of numerous molecules of pharmaceutical interest such as antitumor, anticancer, antiviral, antihypertensive, antiparasitic, antioxidant, immunological agents, and antibiotics as well as hormones, belonging to various chemical families, for instance, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polyketides, amines, and proteins. Engineering mic...

Many pharmaceutical agents interact with cardiac ion channels resulting in abnormal ventricular repolarization and prolongation of the QT interval. In rare circumstances, this has resulted in the development of the potentially life-threatening arrhythmia, torsades de pointes. It is recognized, however, that accurate measurement of the QT interval is challenging, and it is a poor predictor for t...

Antibacterial resistance is by far one of the greatest challenges to global health. Many pharmaceutical or material strategies have been explored overcome this dilemma. Of these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known a non-specific antibacterial mechanism that renders it difficult engender silver-resistant bacteria, enabling them be more powerful agents than conventional antibiotics. AgNPs sho...