Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a rapidly progressive and usually fatal malignancy of mature T cells characterized by the expression of large numbers of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors on the cell surface. Anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-2 receptor, was conjugated to liposomes and compared with anti-transferrin receptor (anti-TFR) conjugates for specific binding, internali...

The cytosolic space of cells is an important but relatively inaccessible target for the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules. Here we describe the efficient delivery of macromolecules into the cytosolic space of macrophages from liposomes that contain listeriolysin O (LLO), the hemolytic protein of Listeria monocytogenes that normally mediates bacterial passage from phagosomes into cytosol. L...

As the field of anion transport develops, it becomes increasingly important to understand mechanistic and structure-function relationships for those synthetic compounds that facilitate transmembrane anion transport. We define some key structural aspects that control the Cl anion transport function of an acyclic calixarene analog, triamide 2.We find that the secondary amide NH groups are necessa...

The effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in damage of liposome membranes were examined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of their antiproliferative actions on tumor cells. The extent of membrane damage was assayed by measuring the rate of release of the fluorescent dye calcein encapsulated in the liposomes at different pH values in the pre...

A model is proposed for the study of molecular mechanisms of a low pH-induced interaction of fusion proteins of enveloped viruses and cell membranes. The model consists of large monolamellar liposomes containing ionophore nigericin in their membranes and ectodomains of fusion protein in their inner space. The process of interaction of the protein with the lipid bilayer is triggered by acidifica...

In the current study, intracellular (neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples (5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 mi...

Developing a sensitive and selective sensing platform for the p53 gene and its mutation analysis is essential and may aid in early cancer screening and assessment of prognosis. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and selective p53 gene assay based on the coupling of a triple-helix magnetic probe (THMP) to a fluorescent liposome hybridization assembly, a process initiated by rolling circle amp...

Cancer chemotherapeutic systems with high antitumor effects and less adverse effects are eagerly desired. Here, a pH-sensitive delivery system for bleomycin (BLM) was developed using egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes modified with poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid (PEG-PE) for long circulation in the bloodstream and 2-carboxycyclohexane-1-carboxylated polyglycidol-having distearoyl phosphatidyle...