Introduction: The MHC (H-2d) and non-MHC genetic background make the BALB/c strain highly susceptible to inflammatory arthritis and spondylitis. Although different BALB/c colonies develop proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis (PGIA) and spondylitis (PGIS) in response to immunization with human cartilage PG, they show significant differences in disease penetrance, despite being maintained by the s...

When facing local environmental issues, maps are a very effective tool. They can help in collecting facts about an area, bring issues to the table, allow for comparison between areas, act as a tool of communication with local decision makers, and identify key issues for action. While the maps on their own do not alter the power relationships within which communities live their lives, many studi...

Although cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are effective in controlling inflammation, pain, and tumorigenesis, their use is limited by the recent revelation of increased adverse cardiovascular events. The mechanistic basis of this side effect is not well understood. We show that the metabolism of endocannabinoids by the endothelial cell COX-2 coupled to the prostacyclin (PGI(2)) syntha...

Alkyl methanesulfonates have been highlighted as potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs). A sensitive LC/MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of Alkyl methanesulfonate impurities in Emtricitabine API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). LC/MS/MS method on Zorbax SB C(18) column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.), 3.5 μm, with electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring...

Today, various methods are applied to analyze the data collected through participatory mapping, including public participation GIS (PPGIS), (PGIS), and collecting volunteered geographic information (VGI). However, these lack an organized framework describe guide their systematic applications. Majority of published articles on mapping apply a specific subset analyses that fails situate within br...

Global interest in participatory mapping described as public participation GIS (PPGIS), participatory GIS (PGIS), and volunteered geographic information (VGI) continues to grow, but systematic study of spatial data quality and sampling effects is limited. This article provides a review and meta-analysis of Internetbased PPGIS studies conducted during the period 2006–2015 (n526) to answer the fo...

Prostacyclin, or PGI(2), is an end product derived from the sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase and PGI synthase (PGIS). The receptor for PGI(2), IP, can be found on a variety of cell types and signaling through this receptor exhibits broad physiological effects. Historically, PGI(2) has been understood to play a role in cardiovascular health, specifically having powerf...

This paper seeks to understand the use and the consequences of Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) in a Mexican local community. A multilevel framework was applied, mainly influenced by two theoretical lenses – structurationist view and social shaping of technology – structured in three dimensions – context, process and content – according to contextualist logic. The results of o...

© Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. Transl Androl Urol, 2015;4(S1) www.amepc.org/tau castrated rats than in controls, and testosterone restored these decreases (each P<0.05). The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS or PGIS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phospho-eNOS were reduced in castrated rats compared with contr...