As a genetically determined structure, flower is an attractive object for developmental studies in plants. Flower development provides a good system for understanding cell differentiation and genetic mechanisms needed for organogenesis. The current molecular view on flower development has been based on studies on relatively few model species, like Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. Research in model ...

In the reforestation program now being carried on by various state and federal agencies, many millions of tree seedlings are planted each year. An extremely large number of these planted seedlings are killed within the first year or two after planting. One of the major causes of the fatalities is the inability of seedlings to resist drought. If the properties involved in drought resistance of s...

The self-reconstruction of superpositions of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams has been observed experimentally, but the results appear anomalous and without a means to predict under what conditions this take place. In this Letter, we offer a simple equation for predicting the self-reconstruction distance of superpositions of LG beams, which we confirm by numerical propagation as well as by experime...

Petal color change in morning glory Ipomoea tricolor cv. Heavenly Blue, from red to blue, during the flower-opening period is due to an unusual increase in vacuolar pH (pHv) from 6.6 to 7.7 in colored epidermal cells. We clarified that this pHv increase is involved in tonoplast-localized Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX). However, the mechanism of pHv increase and the physiological role of NHX1 in petal c...

The Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) gene has been shown previously to be involved in ovule development and in the initiation and growth of floral organs. Here, we show that ANT acts in additional processes during flower development, including repression of AGAMOUS (AG) in second whorl cells, promotion of petal epidermal cell identity, and gynoecium development. Analyses of ap2-1 ant-6 double mut...

Effects of different dietary supplements of plant carotenoid sources on growth, coloration and behavioural activities of Trichogaster fasciata were carried out. Three groups of fish were fed with petal powder of rose (Rosa chinensis), China rose (Hibiscus rosasinensis) and marigold (Tagetes erecta) separately as carotenoid source along with the same basic ingredients for 90 days. The mean final...

Biennial bearing of apple trees can be overcome either by the use of a blossom chemical thinner or by early application of a postbloom thinner. Carbaryl (Sevin) is a postbloom fruit-thinning chemical with an effective thinning period of 4 to 5 weeks after bloom. Sevin was compared in 1992 and 1993 with NAA as an early petal-fall spray. Sevin treatments reduced fruit set to one fruit per cluster...

A flower is a coin graph representation of the wheel graph. A petal of a flower is an outer coin connected to the center coin. The results of this paper are twofold. First we derive a parametrization of all the rational (and hence integer) radii coins of the 3-petal flower, also known as Apollonian circles or Soddy circles. Secondly we consider a general n-petal flower and show there is a uniqu...

We localized the tissues and cells that contribute to scent biosynthesis in scented and non-scented Rosa x hybrida cultivars as part of a detailed cytological analysis of the rose petal. Adaxial petal epidermal cells have a typical conical, papillate shape whereas abaxial petal epidermal cells are flat. Using two different techniques, solid/liquid phase extraction and headspace collection of vo...

Evans", in discussing the effect of sulphurous acid upon cut canes, says that its prevention of wilting is due, not to its inhibiting action on the growth of bacteria on the cut end (as has been stated by Hawaiian workers), but to its reducing action, which prevents blocking of the vessels otherwise . produced by the enzymatic oxidlation of organic substances. He found that a solution of oxalic...