In this article it is claimed that in order to obtain the right composition, structure, and functionality for a new product, one needs to anticipate what the demand of the product will be and take into account all costs involved (associated manufacturing and supply chain). To obtain the demand, one needs a pricing model, which in turn relies on consumer preferences that are connected to the pro...

b a ckground: using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent arthropods biting which was verified in this study. m e t hods: essential oils of four plants ( satureja khuzestanica, salvia sclarea , lavendula officinalis and myrtus communis ) were separately extracted by clevenger used hydro distillation method. then separated solutions with 10%, 20%...

A total of 164,103 dengue cases were recorded in 2021, compared to 205,243 2019. Since 2008, the case fatality rate has been fewer than 1%. The administration had reviewed country’s worrisome condition. Dengue have all surged dramatically around world. One among best way avoid bite mosquito is use repellents. previous papers primarily relied on herbal repellents or synthetic, formulation method...

The efficacy of 9 repellents (8 commercial repellents and one product under development) was evaluated on the skin at dosages of 0.65 and 1.7 mg of product/cm2, the latter dosage being the industrial standard for deet based repellents. The repellents were applied to the arm or lower leg of a human subject and tested against Anopheles stephensi in a cage or flying freely in a mosquito-proof room...

Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that result in diseases harmful to human, livestock, and wildlife hosts. Numerous measures can be used to reduce insect-borne disease risk to humans, and one approach is the use of topical repellents to prevent host-seeking arthropods from taking a blood meal. A current emphasis in the development of new repellents is that they be safe. Therefore, natural products ...

Food plots are a vital element for the survival of game bird species such as bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) on Fort Riley Military Installation in Kansas. However, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) tend to eat the sorghum when it starts to ripen in September and continue feeding on it through November and December, often leaving no food for the quail during the winter. We conduct...

Intense outbreaks of dengue fever have been a major health issue in the province of Punjab during every post-monsoon season of the past few years. Several precautionary measures which include coils, sprays, etc. are employed in each household to minimize possible contact with Aedes mosquitoes (the dengue carriers). Although there is a general perception that the use of mosquito repellents plays...

The knock-down, mortality and 'irritancy' effects of three synthetic repellents (DEET, IR3535 and KBR 3023) on Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) were evaluated in the laboratory in the absence of animal bait. Filter paper tests were carried out to assess the knock-down effect (KDt(50) and KDt(95)) and mortality (LC(50) and LC(95)) induced by each repellent. 'Irritancy' tests were carried o...