In the current work, the effect of surface morphology on light emission property and absorption behavior of quasi-columnar macro-porous silicon (PS) was investigated. PS structures with different morphology were synthesized using photo-electrochemical etching method by applying different etching current densities. SEM micrographs showed that empty macro-pores size and porosity of PS layers were...

The study focused on the human dimensions of standards development. Quality issues included things such as; shortest possible development time, a focused endeavor that results in widely used products based on the approved standards, and a high degree of satisfaction among the standards participants and the organizations that sponsor them. The data was analyzed to find mechanisms for improving t...

A good standard under the proper market conditions can help to increase competition, reduce the cost of products and services, break trade barriers, and expand markets. The phenomenal success of the Personal Computer (PC) market is the best example of good architecture and interface standards. An additional benefit is the countless lives which have been saved and accidents which have been preve...

Introduction and Background Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) designs have been flourishing in recent years. The pervasive success of Bluetooth has been a boon to all devices in the IEEE 802.15 working group. As competing and complementary standards are formed within this working group, a successful embedded system designer must understand the differences between the technology standards. I...

This paper compares the removal performances of two complete wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for all priority substances listed in the Water Framework Directive and additional compounds of interest including flame retardants, surfactants, pesticides, and personal care products (PCPs) (n = 104). First, primary treatments such as physicochemical lamellar settling (PCLS) and primary settling (...

This is a personal account of how the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) came into being and how it created TPC Benchmark(tm) A and B (commonly abbreviated TPCA, TPC-B). I also describe how these tests differ from each other, and from the DebitCredit and TP1 tests, their popular but non-standardized predecessors. Finally, I offer an assessment of the value of the standards develop...

Recently, low-power wireless networking standards like 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) have driven consumer interest in personal area networks (PANs). These networks are designed for inexpensively connecting low-power devices located within 1 m to 100 m of each other. In this paper, we discuss recent evolutions to the Bluetooth standard, as well as two emerging PAN standards: 802.15.4/ZigBee, and Ultra-Wi...

The purpose of the HIPAA Privacy Rules was to create national standards to protect the privacy of personal health information. As of April 14, 2003, all covered health care entities must comply with the newly implemented national standards. The importance of staying updated with the law, while particularly important for the patient's privacy, is just as important for the nurse to avoid civil pu...