This article explores the basic development and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland. New factors in the normal development of the thyroid in the neonate are mentioned. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism continues to increase. We describe congenital hypothyroidism, its possible etiologies, treatment and outcomes. We explore hypothyroxinanemia in pre-term neonates and the risk/benefit of...

AIM To assess educational attainments, behaviour, and motor skills at 10 years of age in a group of children with congenital hypothyroidism identified by neonatal screening. SUBJECTS 59 children with congenital hypothyroidism born in 1978-81, 31 cases with pretreatment thyroxine (T4) values of 40 nmol/l or below (group I) and 28 less severe cases with T4 values over 40 nmol/l (group II), toge...

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs in approximately 1:2,000 to 1:4,000 newborns. The clinical manifestations are often subtle or not present at birth. This likely is due to trans-placental passage of some maternal thyroid hormone, while many infants have some thyroid production of their own. Common symptoms include decreased activity and increased sleep, feeding difficulty, constipation, and...

The thyroid forms as a midline outpouching from between the first and second pharyngeal pouches and descends into the neck just above the developing lung bud between 4 and 7 weeks gestation. The parathyroid glands condense from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and move into the migrated thyroid tissue. C cells are derived from separate neuroectodermal tissue in the ultimobranchial body. ...

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) combined with congenital hypothyroidism is rare. The synchronous occurrence of these two conditions is even rarer. We describe a patient with congenital hypothyroidism in whom hyperthyroglobulinemia and nodules developed despite adequate replacement therapy. Papillary TC was detected at age 19 years. Postoperative diagnostic scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the thy...

Hypothyroidism is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits that develop across the life span. This article discusses the patterns of cognitive deficits associated with congenital and adult-onset hypothyroidism. A review of the extant literature shows that the successful treatment of clinically evident thyroid gland hypofunction, resulting in a return to euthyroidism in both infants a...

BACKGROUND The intellectual outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening is generally good; however, subtle neurological dysfunctions, subnormal IQ, or both, have been reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intellectual outcome in 12-year-old patients with congenital hypothyroidism, detected by neonatal screening, in an attempt to identify factors that may af...

background: thyroid function disorders, particularly congenital hypothyroidism (cht), are important endocrine dysfunctions associated with permanent morbidities. cht is more prevalent among preterm low-birth-weight neonates compared to term infants with normal weight. methods: this prospective cohort study was conducted on 126 very-low-birth-weight (vlbw) neonates referred to the neonatal inten...