Background: Brain injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability. Sensory stimulation can reduce the complications of brain injuries in the patients.  Objectives: To compare the effect of foot reflexology with tactile stimulation of the hand on level of consciousness and physiological indicators in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients  Materials & Methods: 60 TBI patients hospitalize...

background: the purpose of our study was to evaluate an inexpensive and available method to reduce mucous impactions in mechanically ventilated patients. methods: this randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 mechanically ventilated patients aged 15-90 years. the patients were randomly allocated into two arms; 20 cases and 20 controls. the cases received n-acetylcysteine via their nebulize...

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We examined the circulatory mechanisms underlying adaptive increases in thermogenic capacity in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) native to the cold hypoxic environment at high altitudes. Deer mice from high- and low-altitude populations were born and raised in captivity to adulthood, and then acclimated to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (simulating hypoxia at ∼4300 m). Thermogenic capacity [ma...

Brainstem catecholamine neurons modulate sensory information and participate in control of cardiorespiratory function. These neurons have multiple projections, including to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which contributes to cardiorespiratory and neuroendocrine responses to hypoxia. We have shown that PVN-projecting catecholaminergic neurons are activated by hypoxia, but the function of the...

Hypoxia at high altitudes constrains O2 supply to support metabolism, thermoregulation in the cold, and exercise. High-altitude natives that somehow overcome this challenge-who live, reproduce, and sometimes perform impressive feats of exercise at high altitudes-are a powerful group in which to study the evolution of physiological systems underlying hypoxia resistance. Here, we sought to determ...

We determined whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) remained related to arterial O2 content ([Formula: see text]) during hypoxic hypoxia when hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were independently varied with cell-free, tetramerically stabilized hemoglobin transfusion. Three groups of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats were studied with graded reductions in arterial O2saturation to 50%: 1) ...

Nielsen, H. B., R. Boushel, P. Madsen, and N. H. Secher. Cerebral desaturation during exercise reversed by O2 supplementation. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H1045–H1052, 1999.—The combined effects of hyperventilation and arterial desaturation on cerebral oxygenation (ScO2) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Eleven competitive oarsmen were evaluated during a 6-min...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) on controlled hypotension in low-flow isoflurane-dexmedetomidine anesthesia in terms of hemodynamics, anesthetic consumption, and costs. METHODS We allocated forty patients randomly into two equal groups. We then maintained dexmedetomidine infusion (0.1 μg.kg(-1).min(-1)) for 10 minutes. Next, we continued it until th...