This is the third and final part of a study of wrinkles in thin membrane structures. High-fidelity, geometrically nonlinear finite element models of membrane structures , based on thin-shell elements, are used to simulate the onset and growth of wrinkles. The simulations are carried out with the ABAQUS finite element package. The accuracy of the results is demonstrated by computing the characte...

We report on the scanning tunneling microscopy study of a new class of corrugations in exfoliated monolayer graphene sheets, that is, wrinkles approximately 10 nm in width and approximately 3 nm in height. We found such corrugations to be ubiquitous in graphene and have distinctly different properties when compared to other regions of graphene. In particular, a "three-for-six" triangular patter...

A case of severe penetrating eye injury and resulting periorbital haematoma is described. Leeches applied to the eyelids enabled examination of the globe to be carried out and improved the surgical approach. Leeches provide a speedy and efficient means of reducing a periorbital haematoma.

We investigate the formation of wrinkles and bulging in single-layer graphene sheets using an equivalent atomistic continuum nonlinear hyperelastic theory for nanoindentation and nanopressurization. We show that nonlinear geometrical effects play a key role in the development of wrinkles. Without abandoning the classical tension field membrane theory, we develop an enhanced model based upon the...

Categorization of facial wrinkles is used in dermatology studies to determine the efficacy of a certain treatment over a certain period of time. These studies, however, are limited by the fact that when dermatologists assign these categorizations, it is done so through qualitative, in-vivo observation. The objective of this study was to train a computer to categorize nasolabial wrinkles into on...